Chapter 2: Culture and Society

Question 1

SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 1

Asserts that people understand their world through language and that language, in turn, shapes how people experience their world.

Question 2

pastoral societies

Answer 2

subsistence from rearing domesticated animals

Question 3

agrarian societies

Answer 3

subsistence based on agricultural production

Question 4

Industrialization

Answer 4

The emergence of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources (i.e. steam, electricity).

Question 5

Industrialized Societies

Answer 5

Highly developed nation-states in which the majority of the population work in factories or offices rather than in agriculture, and most people live in urban areas.

Question 6

nation-state

Answer 6

Government has sovereign power within territory, and population is part of one nation.

Question 7

colonialism

Answer 7

Western nations established rule in parts of the world away from their home territories.

Question 8

developing world

Answer 8

less-developed societies, where industrial production is limited or nonexistent.

Question 9

emerging economies

Answer 9

developing countries that recently began to develop strong industrial bases (Hong Kong, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Singapore, etc.)

Question 10

nationalism

Answer 10

A set of symbols and beliefs expressing identification with a national community.

Question 11

culture

Answer 11

The values, norms, and material goods characteristic of a given group.