Chapter 2: Concepts of Construction Flashcards
1
Q
The wall the typically has the highest fire rating and is the strongest within the building is a: A. load-bearing wall B. fire wall C. curtain wall D. panel wall
A
B. fire wall
2
Q
The type of connection that allows the weight of the building to hold them in place is a: A. wet joint B. gusset connection C. gravity connection D. grillage
A
C. gravity connection
3
Q
There are numerous types of beams; the type tht is supported at three or more points is a /an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ beam. A. continuous B. cantilever C. simple D. overhanging
A
A. continuous
4
Q
The line along a beam that does not change is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or plane. A. vertical axis B. horizontal axis C. stiffness axis D. neutral axis
A
D. neutral axis
5
Q
The most effective shape for a column is one that:
A. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the center of the cylinder
B. distributes the material equally around the axis as close as possible to the center of the cylinder.
C. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the edge of the cylinder
D. distributes the material equally around the axis as close as possible to the edge of the cylinder..
A
A. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the center of the cylinder
6
Q
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member is called a: A. column B. beam C. floor joist D. strut
A
A. column
7
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of a beam is the result of force exerted by a beam on a support. A. load B. reaction C. release rate D. compression
A
B. reaction
8
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ wall acts as one unit. A. homogenous B. stable C. voussoir D. ledgered
A
A. homogenous
9
Q
Steel heated to 1000 degrees F elongates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ per 100 feet of length. A. 7 inches B. 8 inches C. 9 inches D. 10 inches
A
C. 9 inches
10
Q
Which of the following are commonly used in heavy timber buildings? A. Lightweight trusses B. Fire-cut joists C. Curtain walls D. Self-releasing floors
A
D. Self-releasing floors
11
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An __________ is made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.
A
Glitch plate girder
12
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
The combination of two different materials in a floor is called a/an ________ floor.
A
composite
13
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
Externally braced buildings are known as ___________.
A
tube construction
14
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
The rate of available energy released is the ____________.
A
heat release rate
15
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
When changes are made in the foundation of an existing wall, it may e necessary to insert a/an ___________.
A
needle beam
16
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An _________ is probably the oldest structural member.
A
beam
17
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
Struts or rakers are other names for _______ columns.
A
nonvertical
18
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An ___________ beam moves loads laterally when it is not convenient to arrange columns in an ideal way.
A
transfer
19
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
It is important to know how loads are _________ from the point of application to the ground.
A
transmitted
20
Q
FILL IN THE BLANK
Some steel buildings have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building; this is known as a/an ________ design.
A
plastic
21
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
Vierendeel trusses are square trusses with weak corner bracings
A
False
22
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
An axial load is a force that passes through the centroid of the section under consideration.
A
True
23
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
The best way to rate a building component is based on its ultimate strength.
A
False
24
Q
TRUE OR FALSE
Prefire plans should note the estimated fire load.
A
True
25
TRUE OR FALSE
| A typical sofa has a peak HRR of 1500 kW.
False
26
TRUE OR FALSE
| A steel beam resting on a masonry wall is an example of a concentrated load.
True
27
TRUE OR FALSE
| Suspended loads depend on interior columns of support.
False
28
TRUE OR FALSE
| The universal spacing for sawn wooden beams in ordinary construction is 12 inches.
False
29
TRUE OR FALSE
| A theater marquee is an example of a cantilever beam.
False
| Suspended Beam
30
TRUE OR FALSE
| Steel beams are typically I-shaped.
True
31
SHORT ANSWER
| What is the difference between panel (or curtain) walls and party walls?
Panel walls (also called curtain walls) are non-load-bearing walls; party walls, however, are load bearing walls
32
SHORT ANSWER
| What are the two general types of connections?
Pinned (when the elements are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints) and rigid-framed (when the connections are strong enough to reroute if a member is removed).
33
SHORT ANSWER
| How can a connection fail?
Any of the following:
- Masonry walls shift outward, dropping joists
- Steel connectors can rust, eventually falling
- Concrete can disintegrate into serious failure
- Temporary field bolting can give way in high winds
- Loads can shift, causing a break in the connector
34
SHORT ANSWER
| Name three methods of wall bracing.
Any three of the following:
- Buttresses
- Cavity or hollow walls
- Pilasters
- Wall Columns
35
SHORT ANSWER
| What are Eular's Law columns?
Very long, thin columns
36
What is a wedge-shaped block whose converging sides radiate from the center forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling?
voussoir
37
What are bricks designed to join wyths?
headers
38
What is in place when a mass of masonry is placed against a wall to strengthen it?
buttresses
39
What braces a column diagonally?
raker
40
What is a masonry column, built on the inside surface of a wall?
pilaster
41
What is the outside member of a truss, as opposed to the inner webbed members?
chord
42
What is it called when the end of joist is cut off at an ange to permit the joist to fall out of the wall without damaging the wall?
fire cut
43
What is a truss that has a very rigid corner bracing?
vierendeel
44
What is a beam and a column combined into a single element?
arch
45
What is a wall that divides tenant spaces?
demising
46
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1: Which term should be used upon arriving at a scene and finding that fire is affecting the gravity resistance of a building?
A: Building fire
B: Structure fire
C: House fire
D: Dwelling fire
```
B: Structure fire
47
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2: What kind of force is a twisting force?
A: Tension
B: Torsion
C: Compression
D: Stress
```
B: Torsion
48
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3: Which type of load consists of the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached or built in?
A: Live
B: Concentrated
C: Dead
D: Lateral
```
C: Dead
49
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4: Which type of material is used in old timber buildings that are being restored and have overloaded beams?
A: Reinforced concrete
B: Heavy timbers
C: Steel joists
D: Tie rods
```
D: Tie rods
50
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5: A cotton mattress will have a peak HRR of?
A: 1.5 - 3 pounds
B: 2.6 - 31 pounds
C: 26 - 29 pounds
D: 27 - 61 pounds
```
C: 26 - 29 pounds
51
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6: Which of the following is considered the oldest structural member?
A: Beam
B: Chord
C: Web
D: Column
```
A: Beam
52
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7: Which type of structural member transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member?
A: Beam
B: Chord
C: Web
D: Column
```
D: Column
53
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8: Large wooden columns, which are almost always ornamental as well as structural, are _________.
A: solid
B: hollow
C: load bearing
D: unyielding
```
B: hollow
54
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9: Which type of frame is derived from the arch?
A: Shell
B: Solid
C: Rigid
D: Stiff
```
C: Rigid
55
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10: Ultimately, where are all loads delivered?
A: Load-bearing walls
B: Roof structure
C: Floor
D: Foundation
```
D: Foundation
56
Define 'Dead load':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
F. The weight of the building
57
Define 'Compression':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
58
Define 'Tension':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
59
Define 'Torsion':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
A. A twisting force
60
Define 'Stress':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
61
Define 'Strain':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
62
Define 'Concentrated load':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
63
Define 'Live load':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
G. The weight of a building's contents
64
Define 'Eccentric load':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
65
Define 'Lateral impact load':
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building's contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
