Chapter 2: Concepts of Construction Flashcards
The wall the typically has the highest fire rating and is the strongest within the building is a: A. load-bearing wall B. fire wall C. curtain wall D. panel wall
B. fire wall
The type of connection that allows the weight of the building to hold them in place is a: A. wet joint B. gusset connection C. gravity connection D. grillage
C. gravity connection
There are numerous types of beams; the type tht is supported at three or more points is a /an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ beam. A. continuous B. cantilever C. simple D. overhanging
A. continuous
The line along a beam that does not change is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or plane. A. vertical axis B. horizontal axis C. stiffness axis D. neutral axis
D. neutral axis
The most effective shape for a column is one that:
A. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the center of the cylinder
B. distributes the material equally around the axis as close as possible to the center of the cylinder.
C. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the edge of the cylinder
D. distributes the material equally around the axis as close as possible to the edge of the cylinder..
A. distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the center of the cylinder
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member is called a: A. column B. beam C. floor joist D. strut
A. column
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of a beam is the result of force exerted by a beam on a support. A. load B. reaction C. release rate D. compression
B. reaction
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ wall acts as one unit. A. homogenous B. stable C. voussoir D. ledgered
A. homogenous
Steel heated to 1000 degrees F elongates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ per 100 feet of length. A. 7 inches B. 8 inches C. 9 inches D. 10 inches
C. 9 inches
Which of the following are commonly used in heavy timber buildings? A. Lightweight trusses B. Fire-cut joists C. Curtain walls D. Self-releasing floors
D. Self-releasing floors
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An __________ is made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.
Glitch plate girder
FILL IN THE BLANK
The combination of two different materials in a floor is called a/an ________ floor.
composite
FILL IN THE BLANK
Externally braced buildings are known as ___________.
tube construction
FILL IN THE BLANK
The rate of available energy released is the ____________.
heat release rate
FILL IN THE BLANK
When changes are made in the foundation of an existing wall, it may e necessary to insert a/an ___________.
needle beam
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An _________ is probably the oldest structural member.
beam
FILL IN THE BLANK
Struts or rakers are other names for _______ columns.
nonvertical
FILL IN THE BLANK
A/An ___________ beam moves loads laterally when it is not convenient to arrange columns in an ideal way.
transfer
FILL IN THE BLANK
It is important to know how loads are _________ from the point of application to the ground.
transmitted
FILL IN THE BLANK
Some steel buildings have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building; this is known as a/an ________ design.
plastic
TRUE OR FALSE
Vierendeel trusses are square trusses with weak corner bracings
False
TRUE OR FALSE
An axial load is a force that passes through the centroid of the section under consideration.
True
TRUE OR FALSE
The best way to rate a building component is based on its ultimate strength.
False
TRUE OR FALSE
Prefire plans should note the estimated fire load.
True
TRUE OR FALSE
A typical sofa has a peak HRR of 1500 kW.
False
TRUE OR FALSE
A steel beam resting on a masonry wall is an example of a concentrated load.
True
TRUE OR FALSE
Suspended loads depend on interior columns of support.
False
TRUE OR FALSE
The universal spacing for sawn wooden beams in ordinary construction is 12 inches.
False
TRUE OR FALSE
A theater marquee is an example of a cantilever beam.
False
Suspended Beam
TRUE OR FALSE
Steel beams are typically I-shaped.
True
SHORT ANSWER
What is the difference between panel (or curtain) walls and party walls?
Panel walls (also called curtain walls) are non-load-bearing walls; party walls, however, are load bearing walls
SHORT ANSWER
What are the two general types of connections?
Pinned (when the elements are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints) and rigid-framed (when the connections are strong enough to reroute if a member is removed).
SHORT ANSWER
How can a connection fail?
Any of the following:
- Masonry walls shift outward, dropping joists
- Steel connectors can rust, eventually falling
- Concrete can disintegrate into serious failure
- Temporary field bolting can give way in high winds
- Loads can shift, causing a break in the connector
SHORT ANSWER
Name three methods of wall bracing.
Any three of the following:
- Buttresses
- Cavity or hollow walls
- Pilasters
- Wall Columns
SHORT ANSWER
What are Eular’s Law columns?
Very long, thin columns
What is a wedge-shaped block whose converging sides radiate from the center forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling?
voussoir
What are bricks designed to join wyths?
headers
What is in place when a mass of masonry is placed against a wall to strengthen it?
buttresses
What braces a column diagonally?
raker
What is a masonry column, built on the inside surface of a wall?
pilaster
What is the outside member of a truss, as opposed to the inner webbed members?
chord
What is it called when the end of joist is cut off at an ange to permit the joist to fall out of the wall without damaging the wall?
fire cut
What is a truss that has a very rigid corner bracing?
vierendeel
What is a beam and a column combined into a single element?
arch
What is a wall that divides tenant spaces?
demising
1: Which term should be used upon arriving at a scene and finding that fire is affecting the gravity resistance of a building? A: Building fire B: Structure fire C: House fire D: Dwelling fire
B: Structure fire
2: What kind of force is a twisting force? A: Tension B: Torsion C: Compression D: Stress
B: Torsion
3: Which type of load consists of the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached or built in? A: Live B: Concentrated C: Dead D: Lateral
C: Dead
4: Which type of material is used in old timber buildings that are being restored and have overloaded beams? A: Reinforced concrete B: Heavy timbers C: Steel joists D: Tie rods
D: Tie rods
5: A cotton mattress will have a peak HRR of? A: 1.5 - 3 pounds B: 2.6 - 31 pounds C: 26 - 29 pounds D: 27 - 61 pounds
C: 26 - 29 pounds
6: Which of the following is considered the oldest structural member? A: Beam B: Chord C: Web D: Column
A: Beam
7: Which type of structural member transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member? A: Beam B: Chord C: Web D: Column
D: Column
8: Large wooden columns, which are almost always ornamental as well as structural, are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A: solid B: hollow C: load bearing D: unyielding
B: hollow
9: Which type of frame is derived from the arch? A: Shell B: Solid C: Rigid D: Stiff
C: Rigid
10: Ultimately, where are all loads delivered? A: Load-bearing walls B: Roof structure C: Floor D: Foundation
D: Foundation
Define ‘Dead load’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
F. The weight of the building
Define ‘Compression’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
Define ‘Tension’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
Define ‘Torsion’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
A. A twisting force
Define ‘Stress’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
Define ‘Strain’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
Define ‘Concentrated load’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
Define ‘Live load’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
G. The weight of a building’s contents
Define ‘Eccentric load’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
Define ‘Lateral impact load’:
A. A twisting force
B. An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
C. A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
D. An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
F. The weight of the building
G. The weight of a building’s contents
H. A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
I. A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
J. A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
E. A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction