Chapter 2: Coaching to enhance participation and performance Flashcards
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive (beginner/ the understanding stage)
Associative (the practice stage)
Autonomous (automatic stage)
What is important when designing an effective skills training session?
Coaches must take into consideration skill level of learners as well as matching learning needs to the environment.
How should the cognitive stage be coached?
simple feedback
repeated demonstrations
clear verbal instructions
feedback
How should an associative stage learner be coached?
regular practice
Begin exposure to open environments
Begin to recognise when errors are made
What is the best way to coach a learner in the autonomous stage?
precise feedback
encouragement to stay motivated
Match simulation
What are characteristics of a cognitive learner?
Complete beginner
Frequent mistakes
What are characteristics of an associative learner?
Skill refinement
Detecting their own errors
Less frequent mistakes
What are characteristics of an autonomous learner?
Almost automatic
Highly skilled
Few errors, that are usually self detected
Can adjust skills to game environment
what are some sociocultural influences of sport?
Family
Culture
Gender
Socioeconomic status
Peers
How is family a sociocultural influence to sport participation?
Parents can encourage participation, they are also the ones who need to commit to cost of playing sport and driving to and from practices as well as matches.
How can peers be a sociocultural influence on sport participation?
Young people are more likely to be influenced to play a sport with their friends.
How is gender a sociocultural influence?
Gender stereotypes often encourage children to choose sports that align with stereotypical views of masculinity and femininity.
What are the two coaching approaches?
Direct and constraints based coaching
what stage of learning benefits from direct coaching the most?
the cognitive stage
Define the direct approach of coaching
The direct approach is a coach-orientated style of coaching where the learning outcomes are prescribed and the learner is given explicit instruction on how and when to perform movement skills.
What are advantages of the direct approach to coaching?
Maximises practice time
Encourages skill mastery
What is the constraint based approach to coaching
The constraint-based approach is a discovery-based, learner-orientated model in which coaches guide the learner to technical competence and tactical awareness through the use of small-sided modified games.
What are the three task constraints?
Individual constraints
Task constrains
Environmental constraints
What type of constraint is the physical psychological and behavioural characteristics of an individual?
Individual
What are environmental constraints?
Are the characteristics of the environment in which the performance takes place e.g. climate, peers and playing surface.
What are examples of task constraints
The rules, goal of the sport, equipment and facilities.
What are advantages of constraints based coaching?
Develops more tactical skills
Practice sessions are more representative of a game.
What are disadvantages of the direct approach to coaching?
Boring repetitive drills
Poor transfer of learning
Learners become coach dependent
What is explicit learning?
learning that takes place as a result of direct instruction, where the performer is told what to do and when to do it
