chapter 2: chemistry part 2 Flashcards
list 3 general types of inorganic compounds found in the body.
water, salts, acids + bases
list 4 general types of organic compounds found in the body.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids
what properties does water have that occur because of water’s bonds?
high heat capacity
high heat of vaporization
polar solvent properties
reactivity
cushioning
why do salts dissociate so readily in water?
h2o dipoles
define what an electrolye is.
ekectrolytes are ions that can conduct electrical currents
define acid
acids are proton donors and release hydrogen ions
define base
base are proton acceptors, they release hydroxl ions (OH-)
what is the function of buffers?
to prevent abrupt and large swings in PH, by releasing or binding hydrogen ions
describe the properties of organic compounds
organic compounds contain carbon
describe dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
hydrolysis - cutting a water molecule (catabolic)
dehydration - joining water molecules (anabolic)
what 3 elements compose carbohydrates?
C, H, + O
what is the major function of carbohydrates in the body?
cellular fuel (glucose) for cellular respiration
list the 3 classes of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
what elements compose lipids?
C, H, + O
list the 4 groups of lipids found in the body
1) triglycerides or netural fats
2) phosopholipids
3) steroids (cholesterol)
4) eicosanoids
what are the main functions of each group of lipid?
triglycerides - energy storage, insulation, protection
phospholipids - important in cell membrane structure
steroids - building block for vitamin D, steroid synthesis
eicosanoids - blood clotting, control of blood pressure, inflammation, labor contractions
what elements compose proteins?
C, H, O, N, sometimes S, + P
what are some functions of proteins?
structural, membrane receptors, chemical (enzymes), contraction (muscles)
what are peptide bonds? what do amino acids have to do with proteins? how many amino acids are there?
There are 20 amino acids that form all proteins, peptide bonds join amino acids together.
what does ATP stand for? what is its function?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate; its function is to give immediate and usable energy to body cells
describe the structure of ATP
ATP’s structure is adenine-containing RNA nulecotide with two additional phosphate groups
Define phosphorylation
phosphorylation is a phosphate group of ATP being transferred to other compounds that can use energy stored inside the phosphate bond to do work
