chapter 2: chemistry part 2

Question 1

list 3 general types of inorganic compounds found in the body.

Answer 1

water, salts, acids + bases

Question 2

list 4 general types of organic compounds found in the body.

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 3

what properties does water have that occur because of water’s bonds?

Answer 3

high heat capacity
high heat of vaporization
polar solvent properties
reactivity
cushioning

Question 4

why do salts dissociate so readily in water?

Answer 4

h2o dipoles

Question 5

define what an electrolye is.

Answer 5

ekectrolytes are ions that can conduct electrical currents

Question 6

define acid

Answer 6

acids are proton donors and release hydrogen ions

Question 7

define base

Answer 7

base are proton acceptors, they release hydroxl ions (OH-)

Question 8

what is the function of buffers?

Answer 8

to prevent abrupt and large swings in PH, by releasing or binding hydrogen ions

Question 9

describe the properties of organic compounds

Answer 9

organic compounds contain carbon

Question 10

describe dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Answer 10

hydrolysis - cutting a water molecule (catabolic)
dehydration - joining water molecules (anabolic)

Question 11

what 3 elements compose carbohydrates?

Answer 11

C, H, + O

Question 12

what is the major function of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 12

cellular fuel (glucose) for cellular respiration

Question 13

list the 3 classes of carbohydrates

Answer 13

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 14

what elements compose lipids?

Answer 14

C, H, + O

Question 15

list the 4 groups of lipids found in the body

Answer 15

1) triglycerides or netural fats
2) phosopholipids
3) steroids (cholesterol)
4) eicosanoids

Question 16

what are the main functions of each group of lipid?

Answer 16

triglycerides - energy storage, insulation, protection
phospholipids - important in cell membrane structure
steroids - building block for vitamin D, steroid synthesis
eicosanoids - blood clotting, control of blood pressure, inflammation, labor contractions

Question 17

what elements compose proteins?

Answer 17

C, H, O, N, sometimes S, + P

Question 18

what are some functions of proteins?

Answer 18

structural, membrane receptors, chemical (enzymes), contraction (muscles)

Question 19

what are peptide bonds? what do amino acids have to do with proteins? how many amino acids are there?

Answer 19

There are 20 amino acids that form all proteins, peptide bonds join amino acids together.

Question 20

what does ATP stand for? what is its function?

Answer 20

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate; its function is to give immediate and usable energy to body cells

Question 21

describe the structure of ATP

Answer 21

ATP’s structure is adenine-containing RNA nulecotide with two additional phosphate groups

Question 22

Define phosphorylation

Answer 22

phosphorylation is a phosphate group of ATP being transferred to other compounds that can use energy stored inside the phosphate bond to do work