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Microbiology > Chapter 2:: Chemistry of Microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 2:: Chemistry of Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

Amino acid

A

A monomer of polypeptides

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1
Q

Acid

A

Compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions.

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

All of the synthesis reactions in an organism taken together

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3
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion

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4
Q

Atom

A

The smallest chemical unit of matter.

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5
Q

Atomic mass

A

The sum of the masses of the portons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

Base

A

Molecule that binds with hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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8
Q

Buffers

A

A substance, such as protein, that prevents drastic changes in pH

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9
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Organic macromolecule consisting of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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10
Q

Catabolism

A

All of the decomposition reactions in an organism taken together

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11
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion

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12
Q

Chemical bonds

A

An interaction between atoms in which electrons are either shared or transferred in such way as to fill their valance shells

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13
Q

Compound

A

A molecule containing atoms of more than one element

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14
Q

Decomposition

A

A chemical reaction in which bonds of larger molecules are broken to form smaller atoms, ions, and molecules.

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15
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Type of synthesis reaction in which two smaller molecules are joined together by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is formed

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16
Q

Denaturation

A

Process by which a proteins three dimensional structure is altered, eliminating function.

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17
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Nucleic acid consisting of nucleotides made up of phosphate, a deoxyribose pentose sugar, and an arrangement of the base adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

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18
Q

Disaccharide

A

Carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharide molecules joined together

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19
Q

Electrolytes

A

Any hydrated cation or anion; can conduct electricity through a solution

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20
Q

Electronegativity

A

The attraction of an atom for electrons

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21
Q

Electrons

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle

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22
Q

Element

A

Matter that is composed of a single type of atom

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23
Q

Fats

A

Compounds composed of three fatty acid molecules linked to a molecule of glycerol.

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24
Functional group
An arrangement of atoms common to all members of a class of organic molecules, such as the amine group found in all amino acids
25
Hydrogen Bonds
The electrical attraction between partially charged hydrogen atom and a full or partial negative charge on a different region of the same molecule or another molecule.
26
Hydrolysis
A decomposition reaction in which a covalent bond is broken, and the ionic components of water are added to the products.
27
Hydrophilic
attracted to water
28
Hydrphobic
insoluble in water
29
Inorganic Chemicals
Molecule lacking carbon
30
ionic bond
A type of bond formed from the attraction of opposite electrical charges. Electrons are not shared.
31
isotopes
Atoms of a given element that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain.
32
Lipids
Any of a diverse group of organic macromolecules not composed of monomers and insoluble in water.
33
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
34
Molecule
Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
35
Monomer
A subunit of a macromolecule such as a protein
36
Monosaccharide
A monomer of carbohydrate, such as a molecule of glucose
37
Neutrons
An uncharged subatomic particle
38
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Type of chemical bond in which there is equal sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativity
39
Nucleotide
Monomer of a nucleic acid, which is composed of a nucleoside and a phosphate
40
Nucleus
Spherical to ovoid membranous organelle containing a eukaryotic cell's primary genetic material
41
Organic Compounds
Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms
42
Peptide Bond
A covalent bond between amino acids in proteins
43
pH
a logarithmic scale used for measuring the concentration of hydrogens ions in a solution
44
Phospholipids
Phosphate-containing liquid made up of molecules with two fatty acid changes
45
Polar Covalent Bonds
Type of bond in which there is unequal sharing of electrons between atoms with opposite electrical charges.
46
Polymers
Repeating chains of covalently linked monomers found in macromolecules.
47
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate polymer composed of several to thousands of covalently linked monosaccharides
48
Primary Structure
Amino Acid sequence
49
Products
The atoms, ions, or molecules that remain after a chemical reaction is complete
50
Protein
A complex macromolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygan, nitrogen and sulfur and important to many cell functions
51
Protons
A positively charged subatomic particle, which is also the nucleus of a hydrogen atom
52
Quaternary Structure
Interaction of peptide chains due to hydrogen bond, hydrophilic/phobid interactions, disulfide bonds
53
Reactants
The atoms, ions, or molecules that exist at the beginning of a chemical reaction
54
Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleic acid consisting of nucleotides made up of phosphate, a ribose pentose sugar, and an arrangement of bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
55
Saturated
A triglyceride in which all but the terminal carbon atoms are covalently linked to two hydrogen atoms
56
Secondary Structure
Alpha Helix or Beta sheet stabilized by hydrogen bonds
57
synthesis reactions
A chemical reaction involving the formation of larger, more complex molecules
58
Tertiary Structure
interactin of hydrophilic/phobic aminos. Gives protein its 3D shape
59
valence
The combining capacity of an atom
60
Exothermic Reaction
Any chemical reaction that releases energy
61
Endothermic Reaction
Any chemical reaction that requires energy
62
Covalent Bond
The sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms
63
Nucleic acid
monomer: nucleotide | Bond type: phosphodiester

Microbiology (3 decks)

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