Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
describe the organization of an atom
Nucleus of protons/neutrons with electrons circling the nucleus in electron shells
What determines the reactivity or chem behavior of an atom
By the number of electrons in the outer shell. First shell has a max of 2, while all others can have up to 8
Describe the different types of chemical bonds
Ionic - transfer of electrons from one atom to another(oppositely charged)
covalent - atoms complete outer shells by sharing electrons between the two(polar/nonpolar)
Hydrogen - weak attractive force between partial charges of polar covalent bonds(water)
What are cations and anions
Cation - atom that lost an electron(positive)
Anion - atom that gained an electron(negative)
Polar vs nonpolar covalent bonds
Polar - electrons are shared unequally thus one atom is more negative from a stronger pull(O2)
Nonpolar - electrons are shared equally and there is an equal share of pos/neg (c-c)
Catabolic/decomposition reactions
Large molecules broken down into smaller ones. Release of energy
Anabolic reaction
Two or more small molecules combine to form one. Requires input of energy
Explain exchange, reversible, dehydration, and hydrolysis reactions
Reversible - goes in either direction(CO2 + H20 = H2C03- = H+)
Exchange - two molecules exchange atoms or groups of them
Dehydration - loss of water to produce
Hydrolysis - gain water to produce
Function of an enzyme
Catalysts that promote chemical change
- substrate binds active site on enzyme
- enzyme-substrate complex changes shape promoting formation of product
- product is released from enzyme
What is major inorganic component of cells and fluids within the body
Water
Describe how water contributes to body functions
Thermal stability( absorb/dissipation), lubricant(protection), adhesive and cohesive
What property of water allows it to function as a solvent in the body
Polar water molecules disrupt the ionic bond in Na+Cl-(most substances dissolve in water that are polar)
Intracellular vs extra cellular fluids
Intracellular - found in the cells
Extra cellular - (plasma in blood/interstitial fluid between cells)
Acid and base
Acid - dissociates in solution releasing H+ ions(donor)
Base - proton acceptor
What is a pH scale? What is the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?
PH scale - measure of H+ concentration in solution. Hydrogen ion concentration goes up, so does pH
