chapter 2 Chemistry of life Flashcards
A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) ________.
buffer
oxidizing agent
colloid
catalyst
reducing agent
buffer
A solution with pH 4 has ________ the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8.
2 times
10,000 times
4 times
½
1/10,000
10,000 times
ATP ________ endergonic and exergonic reactions.
decomposes
opposes
links
reduces
dehydrates
links
All enzymes are ________.
cofactors
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
proteins
An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its ________.
alpha chain
receptor
terminal amino acid
secondary structure
active site
active site
Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) ________, the protein is in a(n) ________, and the cells are in a ________.
solvent; emulsion; colloid
suspension; colloid; solution
emulsion; solution; suspension
solution; colloid; suspension
colloid; suspension; solution
solution; colloid; suspension
Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has ________ valence electrons.
four
two
eight
six
four
In a workout your muscle cells produce lactic acid, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because ________.
the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered
metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood
endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH
metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids
the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH
the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH
In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)? CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3
CO2 and H2CO3
H2CO3
H2O and H2CO3
CO2 and H2O
H2CO3
Potential energy stored in bonds is released as ________ energy.
electromagnetic
electrical
chemical
heat
kinetic
chemical
Proteins are ________ built from ________ different amino acids.
molecules; 10
polymers; 20
monomers; 10
macromolecules; 40
polypeptides; 20
polymers; 20
Proteins perform all of the following functions except ________.
produce muscular and other forms of movement
catalyze metabolic reactions
store hereditary information
regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells
give structural strength to cells and tissues
store hereditary information
Proteoglycans are composed of ________.
proteins and fats
carbohydrates and fats
nucleic acids and fats
nucleic acids and proteins
carbohydrates and proteins
carbohydrates and proteins
Table sugar is a disaccharide called ________ and is made up of the monomer(s) ________.
lactose; glucose and galactose
maltose; glucose and sucrose
glucose; galactose and fructose
sucrose; glucose and fructose
glycogen; glucose and fructose
sucrose; glucose and fructose
The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as ________.
catabolic and exergonic
catabolic and endergonic
anabolic and endergonic
anabolic and exothermic
anabolic and exergonic
catabolic and exergonic
