Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive

Question 1

what is matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space or mass

Question 2

what are the 3 states of matter

Answer 2

solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

what is energy

Answer 3

capacity to do work

Question 4

what are the different types of energy

Answer 4

potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant

Question 5

what is a structure of an atom

Answer 5

2 protons
2 neutrons
2 electrons

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

contains protons and neutrons

Question 7

protons

Answer 7

positive electrical charge

Question 8

neutrons

Answer 8

neutral charge

Question 9

electrons

Answer 9

negative charge found in electron shells

Question 10

what is the atomic #

Answer 10

number of protons in a nucleus

Question 11

what is the mass #

Answer 11

sum of masses of protons and neutrons

Question 12

what is the atomic weight

Answer 12

average of all isotopes of an element

Question 13

what is a mixture

Answer 13

composed of 2 or more components that are intermixed

Question 14

what are the 3 types of mixtures

Answer 14

solution, colloid, suspension

Question 15

solutions

Answer 15

homogeneous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids. gives molarity

Question 16

molarity

Answer 16

the moles of molecule per liter of solution

Question 17

colloid

Answer 17

composition is different areas of the mixture

Question 18

suspension

Answer 18

large solutes settle out

Question 19

what is the difference between a mixture and a compound

Answer 19

no chemical bonds in a mixture. mixtures can be separated physically

Question 20

how are electrons organized around a nucleus of an atom?

Answer 20

electron shells

Question 21

what role does the valence shell play in chemical bonds

Answer 21

exist in electron shells and each electron can hold a certain number of electrons

Question 22

what is a valence shell

Answer 22

outermost shell

Question 23

valence electrons

Answer 23

electrons in the valence shell

Question 24

what are the 3 main types of chemical bonds

Answer 24

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds

Question 25

ionic bonds

Answer 25

atoms are neutral

Question 26

covalent bonds

Answer 26

shared between atoms

Question 27

hydrogen bonds

Answer 27

hydrogen in a polar bond attracts a molecule from another polar bond

Question 28

what are hydrophilic interactions

Answer 28

dissolve in water

Question 29

what are hydrophobic interactions

Answer 29

do not dissolve in water

Question 30

what makes a compound hydrophilic/hydrophobic

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

what is molecular shape and why is it important

Answer 31

bonds form at different angles and give each compound a unique shape

Question 32

what is a chemical reaction

Answer 32

state of equilibrium such that the rate of anabolism is equal to the rate of catabolism

Question 33

reactant

Answer 33

number and kinds of interacting substances

Question 34

product

Answer 34

compound resulting from the interactions

Question 35

anabolic reactions

Answer 35

synthesis reactions

Question 36

catabolic reactions

Answer 36

degradative reactions

Question 37

redox

Answer 37

loss of electrons and gain of electrons

Question 38

what are chemical reactions dependent on

Answer 38

temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts

Question 39

what are inorganic compounds

Answer 39

do NOT contain carbon

Question 40

what are the main properties of water that make it such a valuable compound?

Answer 40

lubrication, chemical reactant, high heat capacity, solvent

Question 41

what are salts

Answer 41

ionic compounds with cations and anions. serve as electrolytes

Question 42

what is an acid

Answer 42

released by hydrogen ions

Question 43

what is a base

Answer 43

accept hydrogen ions

Question 44

what is pH

Answer 44

relative concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 45

what is a buffer

Answer 45

resist changes in pH by binding or releasing H+ ions

Question 46

what are organic compounds

Answer 46

contain carbon