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Biology > Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is matter

A

anything that takes up space or mass

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2
Q

what are the 3 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

what is energy

A

capacity to do work

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4
Q

what are the different types of energy

A

potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant

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5
Q

what is a structure of an atom

A

2 protons
2 neutrons
2 electrons

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6
Q

nucleus

A

contains protons and neutrons

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7
Q

protons

A

positive electrical charge

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8
Q

neutrons

A

neutral charge

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9
Q

electrons

A

negative charge found in electron shells

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10
Q

what is the atomic #

A

number of protons in a nucleus

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11
Q

what is the mass #

A

sum of masses of protons and neutrons

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12
Q

what is the atomic weight

A

average of all isotopes of an element

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13
Q

what is a mixture

A

composed of 2 or more components that are intermixed

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of mixtures

A

solution, colloid, suspension

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15
Q

solutions

A

homogeneous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids. gives molarity

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16
Q

molarity

A

the moles of molecule per liter of solution

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17
Q

colloid

A

composition is different areas of the mixture

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18
Q

suspension

A

large solutes settle out

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19
Q

what is the difference between a mixture and a compound

A

no chemical bonds in a mixture. mixtures can be separated physically

20
Q

how are electrons organized around a nucleus of an atom?

A

electron shells

21
Q

what role does the valence shell play in chemical bonds

A

exist in electron shells and each electron can hold a certain number of electrons

22
Q

what is a valence shell

A

outermost shell

23
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons in the valence shell

24
Q

what are the 3 main types of chemical bonds

A

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds

25
Q

ionic bonds

A

atoms are neutral

26
Q

covalent bonds

A

shared between atoms

27
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

hydrogen in a polar bond attracts a molecule from another polar bond

28
Q

what are hydrophilic interactions

A

dissolve in water

29
Q

what are hydrophobic interactions

A

do not dissolve in water

30
Q

what makes a compound hydrophilic/hydrophobic

A

phospholipids

31
Q

what is molecular shape and why is it important

A

bonds form at different angles and give each compound a unique shape

32
Q

what is a chemical reaction

A

state of equilibrium such that the rate of anabolism is equal to the rate of catabolism

33
Q

reactant

A

number and kinds of interacting substances

34
Q

product

A

compound resulting from the interactions

35
Q

anabolic reactions

A

synthesis reactions

36
Q

catabolic reactions

A

degradative reactions

37
Q

redox

A

loss of electrons and gain of electrons

38
Q

what are chemical reactions dependent on

A

temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts

39
Q

what are inorganic compounds

A

do NOT contain carbon

40
Q

what are the main properties of water that make it such a valuable compound?

A

lubrication, chemical reactant, high heat capacity, solvent

41
Q

what are salts

A

ionic compounds with cations and anions. serve as electrolytes

42
Q

what is an acid

A

released by hydrogen ions

43
Q

what is a base

A

accept hydrogen ions

44
Q

what is pH

A

relative concentration of hydrogen ions

45
Q

what is a buffer

A

resist changes in pH by binding or releasing H+ ions

46
Q

what are organic compounds

A

contain carbon

Biology (3 decks)

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