Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & has mass; Exists in solid, liquid, & gaseous states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of motion or movement, e.g., the constant movement of atoms, or the push given to a swinging door that sets it into motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored or inactive energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Organic molecule that stores & releases chemical energy for use in body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Energy formed by the movement of charged particles across cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nerve Impulse (Action Potential)

A

A self-propagating wave of depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

The energy directly involved in moving matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy

A

Energy that travels in waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

A collection of radiant or electromagnetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What form of energy is found in the food we eat?

A

Chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What form of energy is used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another?

A

Electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of energy is available when we are still?

When we are exercising?

A

Potential when we are still

Kinetic when we are exercising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Element

A

One of a limited number of unique varieties of matter that composes substances of all kinds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Periodic Table

A

Provides a complete listing of all known elements & properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element;
Greek meaning “indivisible”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Physical Property

A

Properties that can be detected by our senses or that can be measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemical Property

A

Pertain to the way atoms interact with other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atomic Symbol

A

The 1 or 2 letter symbol used to indicate an element; Usually the first letter(s) of the element name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of a cell; Contains genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protron

A

Subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; Located in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neutron

A

Uncharged subatomic particle; Found in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atomic Mass Unit

A

The weight of a proton or electron; 1 amu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle; Orbits the atom's nucleus
26
Planetary Model
A simplified model of an atomic structure
27
Orbitals
Regions around the nucleus
28
Orbital Model
More modern model of an atomic structure; Useful for predicting the chemical behavior of atoms
29
Electron Cloud
The haze around the nucleus in an orbital model
30
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom
31
Mass Number
Sum of the number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
32
Isotopes
Different atomic forms of the same element, which vary only in the number of neutrons they contain; The heavier species tend to be radioactive
33
Atomic Weight
The average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element
34
Radioactivity
The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; Results in the atom becoming more stable
35
Radioisotpes
Isotopes that exhibits radioactive behavior
36
Half-Life
The time required for a radioisotope to lose one-half of its activity
37
What 2 elements besides H & N make up the bulk of living matter?
Carbon & Oxygen
38
An element has a mass of 207 & has 125 neutrons in its nucleus. How many protons & electrons does it have? Where are they located?
82 protons in its nucleus | 82 electrons in its orbitals (electron cloud)
39
How do the terms atomic mass & atomic weight differ?
Atomic mass is sum of protons & neutrons | Atomic weight indicates the average mass of all the isotopes
40
Molecule
Particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds
41
Compound
Substance composed of 2 or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united
42
Mixtures
Substances composed of 2 or more components physically intermixed
43
Homogeneous
The mixture has exactly the same composition or make-up throughout
44
Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids
45
Colloid (Emulsions)
A mixture in which the solute particles (usually proteins) do not settle out readily
46
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out
47
Solvent
The substance of a solution that is present in the greatest amount
48
Solute
The substance that is dissolved in a solution
49
Percent
Parts per 100 parts
50
Milligrams per Deciliter
mg/dl
51
Molarity
A way to express the concentration of a solution; Moles per liter of solution
52
Mole
A mole of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or its molecular weight (sum of atomic weights) measured in grams
53
Molecular Weight
Sum of atomic weights; Grams
54
Avogadro's Number
The number of molecules in one mole of substance; 6.02 X 10 to the 23rd
55
Heterogeneous
Not the same throughout
56
Sol-Gel Transformation
Reversible change of a colloid from a fluid (sol) to a more solid (gel) state
57
Why is sodium chloride (NaCl) considered a compound, but oxygen gas is not?
Sodium chloride has 2 different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together, oxygen has 2 of the same atoms chemically bonded together.
58
Blood contains a liquid component & living cells. Would it be classified as a compound or mixture? Why?
Mixture because its components are not are not changed by their combination & can be separated by physical means.
59
Chemical Bond
An energy relationship holding atoms together; Involves the interaction of electrons
60
Electron Shell (Energy Level)
Regions of space that consecutively surround the nucleus of an atom
61
Chemically Inert
Unreactive
62
Valence Shell
Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons
63
Octet Rule (Rule of Eights)
The tendency of atoms to interact in such a way that they have 8 electrons in their valence shell

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions