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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Chemistry comes alive Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space & has mass; Exists in solid, liquid, & gaseous states

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2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of motion or movement, e.g., the constant movement of atoms, or the push given to a swinging door that sets it into motion

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3
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored or inactive energy

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4
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances

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5
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Organic molecule that stores & releases chemical energy for use in body cells

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6
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Energy formed by the movement of charged particles across cell membranes

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7
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge

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8
Q

Nerve Impulse (Action Potential)

A

A self-propagating wave of depolarization

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9
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

The energy directly involved in moving matter

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10
Q

Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy

A

Energy that travels in waves

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11
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

A collection of radiant or electromagnetic energy

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12
Q

What form of energy is found in the food we eat?

A

Chemical energy

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13
Q

What form of energy is used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another?

A

Electrical energy

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14
Q

What type of energy is available when we are still?

When we are exercising?

A

Potential when we are still

Kinetic when we are exercising

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15
Q

Element

A

One of a limited number of unique varieties of matter that composes substances of all kinds

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16
Q

Periodic Table

A

Provides a complete listing of all known elements & properties

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17
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element;
Greek meaning “indivisible”

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18
Q

Physical Property

A

Properties that can be detected by our senses or that can be measured

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19
Q

Chemical Property

A

Pertain to the way atoms interact with other atoms

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20
Q

Atomic Symbol

A

The 1 or 2 letter symbol used to indicate an element; Usually the first letter(s) of the element name

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21
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of a cell; Contains genetic material

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22
Q

Protron

A

Subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; Located in the atomic nucleus

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23
Q

Neutron

A

Uncharged subatomic particle; Found in the atomic nucleus

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24
Q

Atomic Mass Unit

A

The weight of a proton or electron; 1 amu

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25
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle; Orbits the atom’s nucleus

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26
Q

Planetary Model

A

A simplified model of an atomic structure

27
Q

Orbitals

A

Regions around the nucleus

28
Q

Orbital Model

A

More modern model of an atomic structure; Useful for predicting the chemical behavior of atoms

29
Q

Electron Cloud

A

The haze around the nucleus in an orbital model

30
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in an atom

31
Q

Mass Number

A

Sum of the number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

32
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atomic forms of the same element, which vary only in the number of neutrons they contain; The heavier species tend to be radioactive

33
Q

Atomic Weight

A

The average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element

34
Q

Radioactivity

A

The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; Results in the atom becoming more stable

35
Q

Radioisotpes

A

Isotopes that exhibits radioactive behavior

36
Q

Half-Life

A

The time required for a radioisotope to lose one-half of its activity

37
Q

What 2 elements besides H & N make up the bulk of living matter?

A

Carbon & Oxygen

38
Q

An element has a mass of 207 & has 125 neutrons in its nucleus. How many protons & electrons does it have?
Where are they located?

A

82 protons in its nucleus

82 electrons in its orbitals (electron cloud)

39
Q

How do the terms atomic mass & atomic weight differ?

A

Atomic mass is sum of protons & neutrons

Atomic weight indicates the average mass of all the isotopes

40
Q

Molecule

A

Particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

41
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of 2 or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

42
Q

Mixtures

A

Substances composed of 2 or more components physically intermixed

43
Q

Homogeneous

A

The mixture has exactly the same composition or make-up throughout

44
Q

Solutions

A

Homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids

45
Q

Colloid (Emulsions)

A

A mixture in which the solute particles (usually proteins) do not settle out readily

46
Q

Suspension

A

Heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out

47
Q

Solvent

A

The substance of a solution that is present in the greatest amount

48
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

49
Q

Percent

A

Parts per 100 parts

50
Q

Milligrams per Deciliter

A

mg/dl

51
Q

Molarity

A

A way to express the concentration of a solution; Moles per liter of solution

52
Q

Mole

A

A mole of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or its molecular weight (sum of atomic weights) measured in grams

53
Q

Molecular Weight

A

Sum of atomic weights; Grams

54
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

The number of molecules in one mole of substance; 6.02 X 10 to the 23rd

55
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Not the same throughout

56
Q

Sol-Gel Transformation

A

Reversible change of a colloid from a fluid (sol) to a more solid (gel) state

57
Q

Why is sodium chloride (NaCl) considered a compound, but oxygen gas is not?

A

Sodium chloride has 2 different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together, oxygen has 2 of the same atoms chemically bonded together.

58
Q

Blood contains a liquid component & living cells. Would it be classified as a compound or mixture? Why?

A

Mixture because its components are not are not changed by their combination & can be separated by physical means.

59
Q

Chemical Bond

A

An energy relationship holding atoms together; Involves the interaction of electrons

60
Q

Electron Shell (Energy Level)

A

Regions of space that consecutively surround the nucleus of an atom

61
Q

Chemically Inert

A

Unreactive

62
Q

Valence Shell

A

Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons

63
Q

Octet Rule (Rule of Eights)

A

The tendency of atoms to interact in such a way that they have 8 electrons in their valence shell

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

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