Chapter 2 (Chemistry)

Question 1

Humans are dependent on and are composed of chemicals

Answer 1

Why is chemistry important?

Question 2

Has weight and takes up space

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

CHON Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Answer 3

Elements that make up 95% of the body

Question 4

different number of neutrons, different weight with the same atomic number

Answer 4

Isotopes

Question 5

atoms that undergo decay called radioactivity

Answer 5

Radioisotopes

Question 6

Isotopes that tend to have unstable nuclei, their nuclei disintegrate, emit alpha/beta particles, and gamma rays

Answer 6

Heavier Isotopes

Question 7

molecule formed by combining 2 or more atoms of different elements

Answer 7

Compound

Question 8

energy relationshsip holding atoms together, involves interactions of electrons

Answer 8

Chemical Bond

Question 9

formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other

Answer 9

Ionic Bond

Question 10

strongest bond, sharing of valence electrons, single = sharing a single pair, double = sharing 2

Answer 10

Covalent Bond

Question 11

metabolic chemical pathway in which molecules are broken down to release energy

Answer 11

Cellular Respiration

Question 12

water is removed to bond smaller molecules together to form bigger molecules

Answer 12

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 13

water is added and a large molecules is broken down into smaller molecules

Answer 13

Hydrolysis

Question 14

compound that dissolves in water to release ions, resulting in a solution that conducts an electric current

Answer 14

Electrolytes

Question 15

pH lower than 7.35

Answer 15

Acidosis

Question 16

pH higher than 7.45

Answer 16

Alkalosis

Question 17

usually no carbon, usually held by ionic bonds, usually come apart in water

Answer 17

Inorganic molecules

Question 18

always contains carbon, held together by covalent bonds, usually doesn’t come apart in water

Answer 18

Organic molecules

Question 19

energy source, energy storage, cell structure

Answer 19

Carbohydrates

Question 20

hydrophobic, building block: fatty acid

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

fatty acid, solid at room temp, too much in diet = high blood cholesterol; heart disease

Answer 21

Saturated Fats

Question 22

fatty acid with double bonds in carbon chain, liquid at room temp, essential/must get in diet

Answer 22

Unsaturated fat

Question 23

no fatty acids, cholesterol is base, sex hormones

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

bad, low density lipoprotein, unhealthy, heart disease

Answer 24

LDL Cholesterol

Question 25

high density lipoprotein, healthy heart

Answer 25

HDL Cholesterol

Question 26

pharmaceutical, similar to testosterone, used to treat anemia, osteoporosis, muscle disease

Answer 26

Anabolic steroids

Question 27

enzymes, antibodies, cell markes, structural material, transport channels across cell membrane

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

stores genetic code (architect), nucleus of the cell, 46, double helix

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

protein synthesis (construction worker), single stranded,

Answer 29

RNA

Question 30

energy carrying molecule, stores energy in the last phosphate bond, when cell needs energy the bond is broken

Answer 30

ATP