Chapter 2 (Chemistry) Flashcards
Humans are dependent on and are composed of chemicals
Why is chemistry important?
Has weight and takes up space
Matter
CHON Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Elements that make up 95% of the body
different number of neutrons, different weight with the same atomic number
Isotopes
atoms that undergo decay called radioactivity
Radioisotopes
Isotopes that tend to have unstable nuclei, their nuclei disintegrate, emit alpha/beta particles, and gamma rays
Heavier Isotopes
molecule formed by combining 2 or more atoms of different elements
Compound
energy relationshsip holding atoms together, involves interactions of electrons
Chemical Bond
formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other
Ionic Bond
strongest bond, sharing of valence electrons, single = sharing a single pair, double = sharing 2
Covalent Bond
metabolic chemical pathway in which molecules are broken down to release energy
Cellular Respiration
water is removed to bond smaller molecules together to form bigger molecules
Dehydration Synthesis
water is added and a large molecules is broken down into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis
compound that dissolves in water to release ions, resulting in a solution that conducts an electric current
Electrolytes
pH lower than 7.35
Acidosis
pH higher than 7.45
Alkalosis
usually no carbon, usually held by ionic bonds, usually come apart in water
Inorganic molecules
always contains carbon, held together by covalent bonds, usually doesn’t come apart in water
Organic molecules
energy source, energy storage, cell structure
Carbohydrates
hydrophobic, building block: fatty acid
Lipids
fatty acid, solid at room temp, too much in diet = high blood cholesterol; heart disease
Saturated Fats
fatty acid with double bonds in carbon chain, liquid at room temp, essential/must get in diet
Unsaturated fat
no fatty acids, cholesterol is base, sex hormones
Steroids
bad, low density lipoprotein, unhealthy, heart disease
LDL Cholesterol
high density lipoprotein, healthy heart
HDL Cholesterol
pharmaceutical, similar to testosterone, used to treat anemia, osteoporosis, muscle disease
Anabolic steroids
enzymes, antibodies, cell markes, structural material, transport channels across cell membrane
Proteins
stores genetic code (architect), nucleus of the cell, 46, double helix
DNA
protein synthesis (construction worker), single stranded,
RNA
energy carrying molecule, stores energy in the last phosphate bond, when cell needs energy the bond is broken
ATP
