CHAPTER 2 CHEMISTRY Flashcards
What is the change of state from solid to gas called?
sublimation
What are the features of solids? (eg. arrangement, movement, forces, kinetic energy.)
-arrangement: particles are packed very closely together in an orderly arrangement.
- movement: particles vibrate about a fixed position and are not free to move.
- forces: particles are held together by strong forces.
- ke of particles: low.
What are the features of liquids? (arrangement, movement, forces, kinetic energy.)
- arrangement: particles are packed close together but not in an orderly arrangement.
- movement: particles are able to slide over each other and move throughout the liquid.
- forces: particles are held together with weaker forces.
- ke of particles: higher.
What are the features of gases? (arrangement, movement, forces, kinetic energy.)
- arrangement: particles are far apart in a random arrangement.
- movement: particles are free to move throughout the container or the space that the gas occupies.
- forces: force between particles is very weak or negligible.
- ke of particles: highest.
Draw the heating curve and label the table
in diagram
Draw the cooling curve and label the table
in diagram
Describe what happens during melting or boiling
temperature remains constant during melting or boiling as the energy is being absorbed.
Describe what happens during condensation or freezing
temperature remains constant during condensation and freezing as energy is being released.
What is the atomic structure for proton?
- relative charge: +1
- relative mass: 1
- position: in the nucleus
What is the atomic structure for neutron?
- relative charge: 0
- relative mass: 1
- position: in the nucleus
What is the atomic structure for electron?
- relative charge: -1
- relative mass: 1/1840 = 0
- position: in electron shells
What are the periodic table definitions?
- proton (atomic) number.
- nucleon (mass) number.
- isotopes.
What is the definition of a proton (atomic) number?
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
neutral atom: proton=electron
What is the definition of a nucleon (mass) number
the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.
neutral atom: proton=electron
How to find the number of atoms?
nucleon (mass) no. - proton (atomic) number.
State the definition of isotopes
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
What is the meaning of a group in the periodic table?
atoms of elements in the same group with the same number of valence electrons
Is a period horizontal or vertical?
horizontal (━).
Is a group vertical or horizontal?
vertical (⏐).
What is the meaning of a period in the periodic table?
atoms of elements in the same period with the same number of electron shells
Will there be more protons or electrons after forming positively charged ions?
no. of protons > no. of electrons
the no. of protons will never be equal to the no. of electrons.
State the definition of positive ions
atoms of metals (Grp 1-13) that lose electrons to form positively charged ions to achieve a stable electronic configuration.
Will there be more protons or electrons after forming positively charged ions?
no. of protons < no. of electrons
the no. of protons will never be equal to the no. of electrons.
State the definition of negative ions
atoms of non metals (Grp 15-17) gain electrons to form negatively charged ions to achieve a stable electronic configuration.
Does grp 18 elements lose or gain electrons?
grp 18 elements are chemically unreactive so they wont lose or gain electrons as their atoms already have a stable electronic configuration.