Chapter 2: Chemistry

Question 1

true or false: the body isn’t made up of chemicals

Answer 1

false

Question 2

what are 2 subcategories of chemistry

Answer 2

basic chemistry and biochemistry

Question 3

define matter

Answer 3

something that occupies space and has mass

Question 4

what are the 3 states of matter

Answer 4

solid,liquid,gas

Question 5

define solid

Answer 5

definite shape and volume

Question 6

define liquid

Answer 6

changeable shape; definite volume

Question 7

define gas

Answer 7

changeable shape and volume

Question 8

what is the smallest stable unit of matter

Answer 8

atoms

Question 9

true or false: electrons orbit the nucleus

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is the fundamental unit of matter

Answer 10

atoms

Question 11

what are found in the nucleus

Answer 11

protons and neutrons

Question 12

what is an element

Answer 12

a unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.

Question 13

what 4 elements make up 96% of the body

Answer 13

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 14

how many elements make up 3.9% of the body

Answer 14

9

Question 15

how many elements make up the last <0.01% of the body

Answer 15

11

Question 16

does an element with a full outermost shell of electrons react with other elements.

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what is a molecule

Answer 17

two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond

Question 18

name some characteristics of ionic bonds

Answer 18

don’t share electrons, give electrons away
positive and negative bonds
not very strong

Question 19

name sone characteristics of a covalent bond

Answer 19

share electrons
very strong

Question 20

name some characteristics of hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

could be more or less equal
share electrons

Question 21

what is a ion

Answer 21

an atom or a molecule with a positive or negative charge

Question 22

what is an electrolytes

Answer 22

a term for a group of atoms that dissociate (make ions) on the body that are important for proper function.

Question 23

add an electron

Answer 23

negative charge

Question 24

lose an electron

Answer 24

positive charge

Question 25

name some characteristics of energy

Answer 25

has no mass, does not occupy space, can measure it based upon its effects on matter makes things move

Question 26

what is the technical definition of energy

Answer 26

the ability to do work, or to put matter into motion

Question 27

what is kinetic energy

Answer 27

energy in action

Question 28

what is potential energy

Answer 28

stored energy

Question 29

what is mechanical energy

Answer 29

directly involved in moving matter

Question 30

what is thermal energy

Answer 30

travels in waves

Question 31

what are some examples of thermal energy

Answer 31

heat, visible light, uv light, and x-rays

Question 32

what is electromagnetic and electrical energy

Answer 32

movement charged particles (ions)

Question 33

what is chemical and nuclear energy

Answer 33

energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 34

true or false: energy can be transformed into another form of energy

Answer 34

true

Question 35

is energy conversion efficient

Answer 35

no

Question 36

why is energy conversion inefficient

Answer 36

some energy is lost as heat, which can be partly usable energy

Question 37

when do chemical reactions take place.

Answer 37

when bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken

Question 38

what are the parts to a chemical equation

Answer 38

reactants and products

Question 39

what are synthesis reactions

Answer 39

when smaller particles are bonded together to form larger, more complex molecules.

Question 40

what are decomposition reactions

Answer 40

when bonds are broken into larger molecules, resulting in smaller, less complex molecules.

Question 41

what are exchange reactions

Answer 41

when bonds are both made and broken (also called displacement reactions)

Question 42

true or false: atoms and molecules colliding with sufficient speed causes chemical reactions to occur.

Answer 42

true

Question 43

what are 4 factors that can influence the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 43

temperature, concentration, particle size, and catalysis

Question 44

how does the temperature influence the speed of chemical reactions

Answer 44

the hotter the molecules are the faster they move

Question 45

how does concentration effect the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer 45

more molecules means more collisions, less molecules means less collisions

Question 46

how does particle size influence chemical reaction speed.

Answer 46

the bigger the molecule the higher chance they will run into each other.

Question 47

how do catalysts influence chemical reactions

Answer 47

they are proteins that speed up reactions.

Question 48

what are the 2 types of chemical compounds

Answer 48

inorganic and organic

Question 49

what are some examples of inorganic compounds

Answer 49

water, salts, acids, bases

Question 50

true or false: waters structure doesn't relate to its function

Answer 50

false

Question 51

why is it important that heat can be added or removed without much change

Answer 51

it prevents rapid changes to strict and its important to maintain homeostasis

Question 52

is a lot of heat required to convert water to gas

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

what is considered the universal solvent

Answer 53

water

Question 54

why is water considered the universal solvent

Answer 54

its polarity allows it to dissociate positively and negatively charged compounds readily

Question 55

what is a solvent

Answer 55

the chemical that does the dissolving

Question 56

what is a solute

Answer 56

the chemical that is dissolved

Question 57

what is a salt

Answer 57

an ionic compound containing cations other then H+ and anions other then the hydroxyl (OH-)

Question 58

true or false: salts dissociate into their component forms when in water

Answer 58

true

Question 59

are all electrolytes' salts

Answer 59

yes

Question 60

what one the most common salts in the body

Answer 60

NaCl, CaCO3, KCl

Question 61

what salt is found in bones and teeth

Answer 61

CaPO4

Question 62

what salt is found in hemoglobin

Answer 62

Ionic Iorn (Fe)

Question 63

do acids and bases conduct electrical currents

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

what is a neutral ph

Answer 64

7

Question 65

what are acidic pH's

Answer 65

1-6

Question 66

what are basic pH's

Answer 66

8-14

Question 67

true or false: acids are proton donors

Answer 67

true

Question 68

what determines the acidity of a solution

Answer 68

the proton concentration

Question 69

what do acids do in the body

Answer 69

denature proteins and prevent bacterial growth

Question 70

what are some other acids that are found in the body

Answer 70

Lactic acid, DNA, RNA, amino acids, fatty acids

Question 71

do bases accept or donate a proton

Answer 71

accept

Question 72

what do bases do in the body

Answer 72

buffer H+ to prevent pH changes

Question 73

true or false: water can act like a base

Answer 73

true

Question 74

what happens when acids and bases mix

Answer 74

they neutralize

Question 75

what is a neutral pH

Answer 75

7

Question 76

What is acidic (pH scale)

Answer 76

0-5

Question 77

what is basic (pH scale)

Answer 77

8-14

Question 78

do all organic compounds contain carbon?

Answer 78

yes