Chapter 2: Chemical Components Of Cells Flashcards
4 classes of biological molecules
- Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
- Fatty acids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acid
Building blocks of molecules
Monosaccharides - Carbohydrates
Fatty acids - Lipids
Amino acids - Proteins
Nucleotides - Nucleic acids
Carbohydrate significance
Carbohydrates are the bodies main source of energy
Lipid significance
Lipids function as energy storage molecules and chemical messages
- Provide structural components of cell membranes
Protein significance
Helps repair and build body tissue / cells
- They also take part in regulation, digestion, and structure
Nucleic acid significance
Storage and expression of genetic information
Condensation / Hydrolysis
Condensation: Water leaves
Hydrolysis: Water is consumed
Forms of disaccharides
Dehydration synthesis of maltose: 1-4 glycosidic linkage
Dehydration synthesis of sucrose: 1-2 glycosidic linkage
Polysaccharides: Starch
1-4 linkage of a alpha glucose monomer
Polysaccharide: Cellulose
1-4 linkage of a beta glucose monomer
What makes a AA non-polar
Have pure hydrocarbon alkyl groups (CH3/CH2)
Have benzene rings
Acidic side chains
Aspartic acid (Asp or D)
Glutamic acid (Glu or E)
- Has negative charge and adds a carboxyl group
Basic side chains
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
- Positive charge with amine functional group (N with lone pairs)
Uncharged polar side chains
Serine
Tyrosine
Can contain uncharged amide (N) or alcohols (-OH)
Cysteine
Contains a disulfide bond (SH) and can use that to pair to other cysteine side chains in proteins
