chapter 2 - cellular functioning

Question 1

what is the plasma membrane made of

Answer 1

phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

what do hydrophillic pass through plasma membrane

Answer 2

protien channels/carriers

Question 3

hoe do hydrophobic pass through plasma membrane

Answer 3

straight through phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

passive movement

Answer 4

simple diffusion
passive diffusion
osmosis

Question 5

active movement

Answer 5

active transport
bulk transport

Question 6

does active or passive movement need energy

Answer 6

active

Question 7

simple diffusion - explain

Answer 7

the net passive movement of a
substance from a region of high concentration to a
region of low concentration until equilibrium is
reached

Question 8

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Answer 8

Concentration
Temperature
Particle size

Question 9

Osmosis - explain

Answer 9

the net passive movement of free
water from a region of high free water
concentration to a region of low free water
concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

the net passive movement
of a particular substance from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration
with the assistance of carrier proteins or channel
proteins

Question 11

channel protiens

Answer 11

like a tunnel

Question 12

carrier protiens

Answer 12

like a pac man

Question 13

active transport - explain

Answer 13

moves dissolved
substances from a region of low
concentration to a region of high
concentration of those
substances. Working against the
concentration gradient.

Question 14

Bulk transport - explain

Answer 14

Bulk transport the movement of large particles (solid or
liquid) across the plasma membrane, requiring the input of energy

Question 15

endocytosis

Answer 15

things entering the cell

Question 16

exocytosis

Answer 16

things exiting the cell

Question 17

Solute

Answer 17

substance that is dissolved

Question 18

Solvent

Answer 18

liquid in which a solute dissolves

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

liquid mixture of the solute in the
solvent.

Question 20

HYPOTONIC

Answer 20

refers to a solution
that has a lower solute concentration
than the cell’s internal environment

Question 21

HYPERTONIC

Answer 21

refers to a solution
that has a higher solute concentration
than the cell’s internal environment

Question 22

ISOTONIC

Answer 22

refers to a solution that
has the same solute concentration as the
cell’s internal environment

Question 23

autotroughs

Answer 23

self feeders

Question 24

heterotroughs

Answer 24

rely on their food from other organisms

Question 25

photosynthesis equation

Answer 25

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen + water

Question 26

stages of photosynthesis

Answer 26

light dependant
light independant

Question 27

light dependant - process

Answer 27

• sunlight splits H20 into Hydrogen and oxygen
• oxygen is released and hydrogen goes into light independant stage

Question 28

light indipendant - process

Answer 28

• hydrogen joins with CO2 to create glucose

Question 29

what occurs in mitochondria

Answer 29

cellular respiration

Question 30

cellular respirtation equation

Answer 30

glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + ATP

Question 31

first step of cellular respiration

Answer 31

glycosis - glucose splits into 2 and turns into 2 ATP molecules

Question 32

anaerobic pathway

Answer 32

• alcohol fermentation
• lactic acid fermentation

Question 33

aerobic pathways

Answer 33

• Krebs cycle makes 2 ATP molecules
• Electron transport chain makes 28 molecules pf ATP