Chapter 2 - Cells Flashcards
What does an animal cell have that a plant cell doesn’t?
A centrosome
What is the function of a Cell Wall?
A rigid structure made of cellulose which gives the cell it’s structure.
What is the function of a Cell Membrane?
Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. It is semi-permeable, controlling the substances that can come in and out of the cell.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which organelles are located.
What is the function of a Vacuole?
Plant cells of a single large one. Animal cells have multiple small ones. Stores the cells digested food and its waste products.
What is the function of a nucleus?
Controls many functions of the cell and contains the cells genetic material.
What is the function of a mitochondrian?
Converts the energy stored in glucose to useable energy for the cell
What is the function of a Ribosome?
Produce protein which are used to repair the cell when it is damaged.
What is the function of a chloroplast?
Contains chlorophyll which is need for photosynthesis.
What is the equation linking Image Size Actual Size and Magnification
I
A M
Image Size = Actual Size x Magnification
cm -> mm ?
X10
mm -> micrometre ?
x1000
Micrometre -> nanometre ?
x1000
What is a tissue?
Cells forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function
What is a cell?
A microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material
What is an organ?
Grouping of tissues into a distinct structure.
E.g heart
What is the relationship between Calls, Tissues and Organs
Tissues are made of Cells and Organs are made of tissues
What is diffusion?
When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. They are said to move down a concentration gradient.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
What is a partially permeable membrane?
A membrane that has small holes in it and only lets small molecules (water and gases) move through it. It does not let large solute molecules (salt) go through it.
What is the partially permeable membrane in a cell?
A cell membrane
Diffusion is a ________ process which means that ________________ is needed.
Passive
No energy
What does the rate of diffusion depend on?
The distance the particles have to travel and the distance in concentration
What is active transport?
Movement of substances in and out of cells by diffusion. The molecules move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
