Chapter 2: Cells Flashcards
What’s the structure of an animal cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, small vacuole
What’s the structure of a plant cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, ribosomes, chloroplast, mitochondria
What’s the structure of a bacterial cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Control the substances that move into and out of the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protect and support the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Clear jelly, site of many metabolic reactions
What is the function of the vacuole?
Contains fluid which applies pressure against cell wall and allows it to stay upright
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activity
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight, traps light energy, and converts it into chemical energy for photosynthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Carry out aerobic respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
How are new cells produced?
By division of existing cells, mitosis
What are some examples of specialised cells?
Ciliated cells, root hair cells, palisade mesophyll cells, neurones, red blood cells, sperm and egg cells
What are the levels of organisation in complex multicellular organisms?
Organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems
Define ‘cells’
The smallest, most basic unit of life, e.g. red blood cells
Define ‘tissue’
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function, e.g. epithelium
Define ‘organ’
A group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function, e.g. trachea
Define ‘organ system’
A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function, e.g. circulatory system
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = image size / actual size
What is 1mm equal to in μm?
1,000 μm
