Chapter 12: Respiration Flashcards
What are the uses of energy in living organisms?
Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature
How do you investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast?
Mix yeast with sugar solution in a boiling tube, and add a layer of oil on top. Connect this to another boiling tube filled with limewater with a capillary tube. Place the boiling tube with yeast and sugar solution into a water bath at a set temperature and count the number of bubbles produced in a fixed time. Change the temperature of the water bath and repeat.
Define ‘aerobic respiration’
The chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
What are the word and chemical equations of aerobic respiration?
Word: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Chemical: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Define ‘anaerobic respiration’
The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
What are the word and chemical equations of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Word: glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
Chemical: C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
glucose → lactic acid
What happens in muscles during vigorous exercise?
Lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood, causing an oxygen debt
How is oxygen debt removed after exercise?
Continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to the liver, continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic acid, and aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver
