Chapter 2 - Cells

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Forms the outer layer
Regulates material movement into & out of cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Stores nutrients & dissolved solutes

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Houses genetic information (DNA)

Question 4

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Synthesizes lipids
NO ribosomes

Question 5

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

Synthesizes lipids
NO ribosomes

Question 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Synthesizes proteins for secretion

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Packages and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Digest materials
Remove old/damaged organelles

Question 9

Perioxisomes

Answer 9

Convert hydrogen peroxide formed during metabolism into water

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Synthesizes most ATP during cellular respiration

Question 11

Passive Transport

Answer 11

Movement of substances ALONG a concentration gradient
ATP not required

Question 12

Passive Diffusion Examples

Answer 12

Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Bulk Filtration

Question 13

Simple Diffusion

Answer 13

Unaided net movement of a substance due to molecular motion
Continues until equilibrium is reached

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

Diffusion of water
Continues until equilibrium is reached

Question 15

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 15

Movement of materials too large to pass through membrane channels

Question 16

Bulk Filtration

Answer 16

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 17

Active Transport

Answer 17

Movement of substance AGAINST a concentration gradient
Requires ATP

Question 18

Active Transport Examples

Answer 18

Ion Pumps
Bulk Transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Question 19

Ion Pump

Answer 19

Transport of ions across the membrane by protein pumps
Ex: Sodium potassium pump

Question 20

Bulk Transport

Answer 20

Membrane vesicles form around materials for transport
Two types: Exocytosis & endocytosis

Question 21

Exocytosis

Answer 21

Bulk movement of substances OUT of cell

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Bulk movement of substance INTO a cell
Consists of 3 types: phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 23

Phagocytosis

Answer 23

Materials move into a cell after being engulfed by pseudopodia at the cell surface

Question 24

Pinocytosis

Answer 24

Plasma membrane folds inward to capture extracellular fluid droplet
Small vesicle inside the cell

Question 25

Pinocytosis

Answer 25

Plasma membrane folds inward to capture extracellular fluid droplet
Small vesicle inside the cell

Question 26

Cell Life Cycle

Answer 26

Interphase: G1, S, G2
Mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 27

G1 Phase

Answer 27

Growth & preparation for DNA Replication

Question 28

S Phase

Answer 28

DNA replication
Each dna molecule replicates (makes an exact copy of itself) completely

Question 29

G2 Phase

Answer 29

Growth & preparation for division of DNA

Question 30

Cytokinesis

Answer 30

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 31

Prophase

Answer 31

First stage of mitosis
Chromosomes condense and become visible
The nuclear envelope breaks down & spindle fibers start to form

Question 32

Metaphase

Answer 32

Chromosomes line up in the middle & spindle fibers attach to their centromeres

Question 33

Anaphase

Answer 33

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers

Question 34

Telophase

Answer 34

Chromatids reach the poles and begin to decondense into chromatin
The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in 2 nuclei