Chapter 2: Cell Physiology

Question 1

Cell’s 2 major parts

Answer 1

Nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 2

The membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 2

Nuclear membrane

Question 3

The membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluids

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Different substances that make up a cell

Answer 4

Protoplasm

Question 5

5 substances that make up a protoplasm

Answer 5

Water, lipids, protein, carbohydrates,ions

Question 6

Principal fluid medium (70-85%)

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Provide inorganic chemicals for cellular reaction and also necessary for cellular control mechanisms

Answer 7

Ions

Question 8

Next to water being the most abundant substance in cell

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

Integrity and framework of cells

Answer 9

Structural proteins

Question 10

Molecules in tubular-granular form and mainly enzymes of the cell

Answer 10

Functional proteins

Question 11

Fat-soluble in fat solvents

Answer 11

Lipids

Question 12

Used to form intracellular and cellular membrane barriers that separate different cell compartments

Answer 12

Phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 13

Have little structural function in the cell except as parts of glycoprotein molecules

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

The cell membrane is composed of ___

Answer 14

Lipids and protein

Question 15

3 main types of the lipid bilayer

Answer 15

Phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

Question 16

Polar phosphate end

Answer 16

Hydrophilic

Question 17

Non-polar fatty acid end

Answer 17

Hydrophobic

Question 18

Water-soluble substance

Answer 18

urea, ions, glucose

Question 19

Fat-soluble substances

Answer 19

oxygen, CO2, alcohol

Question 20

Determines the permeability of the bilayer to water-soluble constituents of body fluids

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

2 types of cell membrane proteins

Answer 21

Integral protein and peripheral protein

Question 22

Where the organelles are embedded

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Largest organelle, processes molecules and transports them

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Outer membrane of ER is extension of nuclear membrane

Answer 24

Perinuclear space

Question 25

Embedded with different ribosomes + protein synthesis happens here

Answer 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Absence of ribosome, lipid synthesis, maintains integrity of phospolipids and cholesterol

Answer 26

Soft endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

Packaging house of the cell; proteins from the ER will be sent here for modification and packaging

Answer 27

Golgi apparatus

Question 28

Golgi complex has secretory vesicles which forms lysosomes and packages the peroxisomes

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Secretory vesicles that pinch off the golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Lysosomes

Question 30

Secretory vesicles that pinch off from the smooth ER

Answer 30

Peroxisomes

Question 31

Extracting energy organic compounds for the cellular functions

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Contains oxidative enzymes that allows surface for chemical reaction

Answer 32

Cristae

Question 33

Contains large amt of dissolved enzymes for extracting energy from nutrients

Answer 33

Matrix

Question 34

Responsible for the framework of the cell

Answer 34

Cytoskeleton

Question 35

Processes that bring substances into cells

Answer 35

Endocytosis

Question 36

Receptor attracted to the surface of ligands ; cell-eating

Answer 36

Phagocytosis

Question 37

minute ingestion of extracellular fluid

Answer 37

Pinocytosis