Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology Flashcards
Physical and chemical mechanisms that are responsible for the origin of development and progression of life
Physiology
Characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that makes it a living being
Human Physiology
Integration requires communication and coordination by a vast array of control systems that operate at every level
True
Basic living unit
Cell
Each type of cell is specifically adapted to perform several functions
False
All of the cells have certain basic characteristics that are alike
True
Percentage of human body’s fluid
50-70%
Most of the fluid inside the cell
Intracellular fluid
1/3 outside the cell
Extracellular fluid
Transported rapidly in ____ motion throughout the body
circulating
All cells live essentially in the same environment
Internal environment
Ions in the extracellular fluid
sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, oxygen, co2, amino acids, fatty acids
Ions in the intracellular fluid
potassium, magnesium, phosphate
Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
Homeostasis
Detects the state of the body and its surroundings
Sensory receptor
Composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The body performs in response to sensations.
Central nervous system
Appropriate signals that are then transmitted to carry out one’s desire.
Motor output
It operated at a subconscious level and control many functions of the internal organs.
Autonomic system
Secrete chemical substances called HORMONES
Endocrine glands
Transported through the extracellular fluid to other parts of the body to help regulate cellular function
Hormones
Increases the rates of most chemical reactions in all cells, thus helping to set the tempo of body activity
Thyroid hormone
Controls glucose metabolism
Insulin
Controls sodium and potassium ions and protein metabolism
Adrenocortical hormones
Controls bone calcium and phosphate
Parathyroid hormones
