Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 2: Cell biology and organisation > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Cell biology and organisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(Function) Mitochondria

A
  • Energy released in the form of ATP molecules (adenosine triphosphate)
  • Generates energy through glucose oxidation process during cell respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(Function) Centriole

A
  • Forms spindle fibres during cell division in animal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(Function) Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Processes, modifies, packs and transport chemicals such as proteins, carbohydrates & glycoprotein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Function) Nucleus

A
  • Controls all cells activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(Function) Ribosome

A
  • Site for protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(Function) Lysosome

A
  • Breaks down bacteria & components of damaged cells

- Hydrolyses complex organic molecules such as protein, nucleic acid & lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(Function) Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • The transport system within the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Function) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • Transport protein synthesised by ribosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Function) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • Synthesises & transport glycerol and lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(Function) Vacuole

A
  • Water absorbs into the vacuole and becomes turgid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Function) Chloroplast

A
  • Chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Function) Cytoplasm

A
  • Act as a medium for biochemical reactions in cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Function) Cell wall

A
  • Mantain the shape of the cell

- Provides mechanical support to plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Living processes in UNICELLULAR organisms

There’s 7 of them

A
  1. Movement
  2. Responding to stimuli
  3. Nutrients
  4. Respiration
  5. Growth
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Living processes in UNICELLULAR organisms

What is respiration?

A
  • Exchange of oxygen & CO2 gasses occur through the plasma membrane by SIMPLE DIFFUSION on the surface of the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Living processes in UNICELLULAR organisms

Explain growth in Amoeba sp.

A
  • Amoeba sp. grow through synthesising new cytoplasm
17
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

There are 6 type of CELLS.

A
  1. Muscle cell
  2. Nerve cell
  3. White blood cell
  4. Epithelial cell
  5. Red blood cell
  6. Sperm cell
18
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is Muscle cell?

A
  • Contract & relax to generate movements
19
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is Nerve cell?

A
  • Sends nerve impulses
20
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is White blood cell?

A
  • Destroy pathogens
21
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is Epithelial cell?

A
  • Coats the surface of the digestive track
22
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is Red blood cell?

A
  • Optimize the transportation of O2
23
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

What is sperm cell?

A
  • Has a long tail to enable it to swim to the Fallopian tube

- The head that carries a set of male chromosomes

24
Q

Living processes in MULTICELLULAR organisms

There are 6 of them (PLANTS)

A
  1. Sieve tube element
  2. Xylem vessels
  3. Palisade mesophyll cell
  4. Spongy mesophyll cell
  5. Guard cells
  6. Root hair
25
Q

Explain sieve tube element

A
  • Transport organic materials from the leaf to the fruits (storage organ)
26
Q

Explain xylem vessel

A
  • Transport water & mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant
27
Q

Explain palisade mesophyll cell

A
  • High chlorophyll density

- The arrangement allows the maximum absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis

28
Q

Explain spongy mesophyll cell

A
  • Loosely arrange with lots of air spaces between

- Large air space allows exchange of gas from the inside of the leaves to the palisade mesophyll cells

29
Q

Explain guard cells

A
  • Controls the opening and closing of stoma
30
Q

Explain root hair

A
  • To allow the absorption of water & mineral salts

- Has long projectiles to increase the surface area for absorption of water & mineral salts

31
Q

Type of epithelial tissue

  • Thick
  • Flat
  • No holes
  • Looks like skin but not

Where can this be found?

A
  • Mouth

- Esophagus

32
Q

Type of epithelial tissue

  • Thin
  • Flat
  • No holes
  • Looks like skin but not

Where can this be found?

A
  • Lungs
  • Body cavities
  • Blood vessels
33
Q

Type of epithelial tissue

  • Thick
  • Hairy looking
  • Hole
  • Looks like carpet but not

Where can this be found?

A
  • Trachea

- Bronchus

34
Q

Type of epithelial tissue

  • Thick
  • Flat
  • holes
  • Looks like skin but not, because of the hole

Where can this be found?

A
  • small intestine
35
Q

Type of epithelial tissue

  • Round
  • Cylindrical
  • A hole in the middle
  • Looks like a long donut but not

Where can this be found?

A
  • Tubules
  • Kidney ducts
  • glands
36
Q

Type of tissues

There’s 4 types of tissues

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Epithelial
  3. Nerve
  4. Connective
37
Q

Type of muscle tissues

There’s 3

A
  1. Smooth
  2. Skeletal
  3. Cardiac
38
Q

Explain nerve tissues

A
  • made out of nerve cells / neurons
  • each neurons consist of cell body (dendrite) & nerve fibre (axon)
  • detect stimuli & send nerve impulses in the form of electrical signal to the muscles / glands
39
Q

Types of connective tissues

There’s 6

A
  1. blood tissue
  2. loose connective tissue
  3. bone
  4. fibrous connective tissue
  5. adipose tissue
  6. cartilage

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions