Chapter 2: CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

1) Monosaccharides (Hexoses)

Answer 1

• GLUCOSE (DECTROSE)
• FRUCTOSE (LEVULOSE, FRUIT SUGAR)
• GALACTOSE

Question 2

2) Disaccharides

Answer 2

• Lactose (milk sugar)
= GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE

• Sucrose (Table sugar)
= GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE

• MAltose
= GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE

Question 3

3)
• DECREASES blood sugar

• INCREASED blood sugar

Answer 3

• INSULIN

* GLUCAGON, CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE, EPINEPHRINE, THYROID HORMONES

Question 4

4) SPECIMEN COLLECTION and CONSIDERATION

A) Standard clinical specimen is FASTING

B) VENOUS BLOOD HAS LOWER GLUCOSE levels compared to ARTERIAL BLOOD

C) WB gives approx. 10- 15% LOWER glucose levels than serum or plasma

D) At ROOM-TEMPERATURE, glucose DECREASES at a rate of ~~~>7 mg/dL/hr

E) At 4*C glucose DECREASES by approx.2 mg/dL/hr

Answer 4

F) 2 mg of NaF/ mL of WB acts as preservative with another anticoagulant (i.e. k oxalate); PREVENTS GLYCOLYSIS for 48-72 hrs

G) If NaF is Used alone as an anticoagulant, 3-5x GREATER Concentration

H) FLUORIDE binds MAGNESIUM, which causes inhibition of the enzyme ENOLASE

I) CSF glucose concentration is approx. 60-70% that of plasma concentration

J) Blood glucose should be obtained 1-2 hours before the spinal tap

K) 10% contamination with 5% dextrose will INCREASE glucose by 500mg/dL or more