CHAPTER 2 BUFFERED SOLUTIONS RESUST CHANGE IN PH Flashcards
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
Why does the water molecule have a permanent dipole?
Because of the uneven distribution of charge in O-H bonds and their angled arrangement, the water molecule has a permanent dipole.
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Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What does hydrogen bonding contribute to in water?
Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with each other. Hydrogen bonding contributes to the high specific heat and heat of vaporization of water.
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Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary.
Why can waster dissolve crystalline electrolytes?
Because it is polar, water can dissolve crystalline electrolytes. Water molecules form a salvation sphere around each dissolved ion. Organic molecules may be soluble in water if they contain ionic or polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
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Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
Expalin the hydrophobic effect?
The hydrophobic effect is the exclusion of non polar substracnes by water molecules. Detergents, which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions, form micelles when suspended in water; these micelles can trap insoluble substance in a hydrophobic interior. Chaatropes enhance the solubility of non polar compounds in water.
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Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What type of major non covalent interactions determine the strucutre and function of biomolecules?
The major non covalent interactions that determine the strucutre and function of biomolecules are electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Electrostatic interactions include charge-charge interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Walls forces.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What molecules are used to catalyze the hydrolyze macromolecules?
Under cellular conditions, macromolecules do not spontaneously hydrolyze, despite the presence of high concentrations of water. Specific enzymes catalyze their hydrolysis and other enzymes catalyze their energy requiring synthesis.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What is the value of Kw?
At 25 ^0c [H+][OH-] has a value of 1.0 x 10-14 M2, contact designated Kw (the ion-product contact for water). Pure water ionizes to produce 10-7 MH + and 10-7 M OH-.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What does the acidity of a n aqueous solution depend on?
The acidit of basic city of an aqueous solution depends on the concentration of H+ and is described by a pH value.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What is the strenght of a weak acid indicated by?
The Strenght of a weak acid is indicate by its pKa value. The Henderson-hasselbalch equation defines the ph of a solution of weak acid in terms of the pKa and the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist chnages in PH
Summary
What buffer is used to maintain a constant pH of 7.4 in human blood?
Buffered Solutions resist changes in pH. In human blood a constant pH of 7.4 is maintained by the carbon dioxide carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system.
Chapter 2 Water: Buffered solutions resist changes in PH
Problems
The side chains of some amino acids possess functional groups that readily form hydrogen bonds in aqueous solutions. Draw the hydrogen bonds likely to form between water and the following amino acid side chains.
Hydrogen bonds are electrostatic interaction formed among macromolecues. In a biological system, they are considered as the strongest non-covalent forces. Generally, hydrogen atom covalently binds with an electronegative atomm, such as oxygen, nitrogen and soulful. The polar compounds on dissolution in water form hydrogen bonds with the molecules of water. They hydrogen bonds that are likely to form between the side chains of amino acids and water that have been shown below with yello highlights,
BioChem for Dummies
Part 1 Setting the Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts
