Chapter 2 Brain & Nervous System

Question 1

What is a neuron?

Answer 1

A cell that receives signals from other neurons or sense organs, processes them & Sends the signal to other neurons, muscles, or organs.

Question 2

What is a sensory neuron?

Answer 2

A neuron that responds to input from sensory organs.

Question 3

What is a motor neuron?

Answer 3

A neuron that sends signals to muscles to control movement.

Question 4

What is an interneuron?

Answer 4

A neuron that is only connected to other neurons.

Question 5

What is a brain circuit?

Answer 5

Set of neurons that affect one another.

Question 6

List the major parts of a neuron:

Answer 6

• Cell body (Soma) - processing part
• Dendrite - receiving part
• Axon - transmitting part
• Terminal Buttons - when triggered releases chemical neurotransmitters
• Synapse - space between the axon and the dendrite of another neuron

Question 7

List some major neurotransmitters:

Answer 7

• Acetylcholine (ACH)
• Dopamine (DA)
• Noradrenaline (NA)
• Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)(5HT)
• GABA (Gamma aminobutric acic)
• Endogenous cannabinoids
• Glutamate
• Beta-Endorphin

Question 8

Acetylcholine is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 8

1) Muscle action & Memory

2) -Delusions (shortage)
- Convulsions, Spasms, tremors (excess)
- Alzheimers

Question 9

Dopamine is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 9

1) Motivation, Reward, Movement, Thought, Learning

2) -Depression, ADHD (shortage)
- Aggression, schizophrenia (excess)
- Parkinsons

Question 10

Noradrenaline is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 10

1) Dreaming, Attention

2) -Depression, Fatigue, Distractability (shortage)
- Anxiety, Headache, schizophrenia (excess)

Question 11

Serotonin is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 11

1) Primary inhibitor - Regulates mood & Sleep

2) -OCD, Depression, Insomnia (shortage)
- sleepyness, Lack of motivation (excess)

Question 12

GABA is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 12

1) Inhibits sending neuron- Brain function, Sleep

2) -Anxiety, Panic, Epilepsy (shortage)
- sluggishness, Lack of motivation (excess)
- Huntingtons Disease

Question 13

Endogenous Cannabinoids are 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 13

1) Memory, attention, emotion, movement control, appetite
2) -Chronic pain (shortage)
-Memory & attention problems, eating disorders,
schizophrenia (excess)

Question 14

Glutamate is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 14

1) Memory, Learning

2) Increased Learning, Enhanced memory

Question 15

Beta- Endorphin is 1) associated with:

and 2) symptoms and disorders are:

Answer 15

1) Pain, Pleasure

2) Decreased Anxiety, decreased tension

Question 16

The central nervous system(CNS) consists of:

Answer 16

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 17

The Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) controls:

Answer 17

The smooth muscles and some glandular functions.

Question 18

What are smooth muscles?

Answer 18

Heart, blood vessels, stomach lining & intestines

Question 19

1)What does the Sympathetic nervous system do and 2)what are the signs?

Answer 19

1) Prepares the body for fight or flight

2) Faster Heartbeat, Dry Mouth, Dilated pupils, Sweaty palms, inhibited stomach activity, relaxed bladder.

Question 20

What does the Parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 20

Counters the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. (slower, one organ at a time)

Question 21

What does the Sensory-Somatic nervous system (SSNS) do?

Answer 21

Conveys information to the brain and triggers striated muscles and glands

Question 22

What is a reflex?

Answer 22

An automatic response that bypasses the brain.

Question 23

List the four major lobes of the brain:

Answer 23

• Frontal
• Temporal
• Parietal
• Occipital

Question 24

What does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 24

Connects the two brain hemispheres.

Question 25

What are sulci?

Answer 25

The creases in the cerebral cortex.

Question 26

What are gyri?

Answer 26

The bulges in the cerebral cortex.

Question 27

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 27

The outer layer of the brain, in which most mental processes take place.