Chapter 2- Biological Processes

Question 1

What is photosynthesis

Answer 1

A chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts to produce glucose (food)

Question 2

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water ~> glucose + oxygen

Question 3

What transports glucose

Answer 3

Phloem vessels transport glucose to all parts of a plant

Question 4

What transports water in a plant

Answer 4

Xylem vessels transport water from the roots to the stems and leaves

Question 5

What is the role of chlorophyll

Answer 5

Absorb light (found in the chloroplasts)

Question 6

How does oxygen leave a leaf

Answer 6

Exits through tiny holes (called stoma or plural stomata)

Question 7

How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide enters the plant through tiny holes called stoma (plural, stomata)

Question 8

What are nitrates needed for in a plant?

Answer 8

Nitrates are needed for growth.

Question 9

What are phosphates needed for in a plant?

Answer 9

Phosphates are needed for healthy roots

Question 10

What is potassium needed for in a plant?

Answer 10

Potassium is needed for healthy leaves and flowers

Question 11

What is magnesium needed for in a plant?

Answer 11

Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.

Question 12

What is magnesium needed for in a plant?

Answer 12

Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.

Question 13

What happens if a plant does not have enough of a mineral

Answer 13

It may suffer from a mineral deficiency

Question 14

How can a mineral deficiency be solved?

Answer 14

Farmers can use fertiliser to add missing minerals to the soil.

Question 15

What respiration in humans requires oxygen

Answer 15

Aerobic respiration

Question 16

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

The word equation is glucose + oxygen ~> water + carbon dioxide (+energy)

Question 17

Where does respiration occur?

Answer 17

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy

Question 18

Where is glucose absorbed from?

Answer 18

Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

Question 19

Where does the blood plasma carry the glucose?

Answer 19

To the blood where it diffuses in to the blood

Question 20

How does oxygen get in the body?

Answer 20

Oxygen is breathe in and diffuses into the blood stream

Question 21

How does oxygen get to the cells?

Answer 21

Oxygen is carried by a blood to the cells where it diffuses in

Question 22

How does carbon dioxide get out of the body?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma. It is transported to the lungs, where it diffuses into the air sacs and is exhaled.

Question 23

What is the waxy layer for in a leaf cell?

Answer 23

To reduce water loss by evaporation

Question 24

What is the stoma needed for in a leaf cell?

Answer 24

On the lower surface to reduce water loss by evaporation

Question 25

What are chloroplasts needed for in a leaf

Answer 25

Mainly located on the other side of the leaf, where the most sunlight reaches photosynthesis takes place here

Question 26

What is the top layer of a leaf structure?

Answer 26

Palisade layer

Question 27

What is the bottom layer of a leaf called?

Answer 27

Spongy layer

Question 28

Facts about leaves (5 things)

Answer 28

Lee’s are specially adapted for photosynthesis: Have lots of green chlorophyll – absorb sunlight for photosynthesis Are thin – allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf Have a large surface area – absorb as much light as possible have veins – xylem transports water, and phloem transports glucose

Question 29

What part of a plant controls the stomata opening and closing?

Answer 29

Guard cell

Question 30

What is the name of the space in between the spongy layer?

Answer 30

Airspace

Question 31

What is the name of respiration without oxygen in animals?

Answer 31

Anaerobic respiration

Question 32

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 32

Glucose ~>lactic acid + a little energy

Question 33

Why does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 33

Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, such as during strenuous exercise

Question 34

Does anaerobic respiration transfer more or less energy than aerobic respiration?

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration transfer is less energy

Question 35

What does lactic acid do?

Answer 35

Lactic acid produce do used during anaerobic respiration can cause muscle cramps. This can cause increased inhalation to break down the lactic acid – the oxygen needed for this is called oxygen debt

Question 36

What is the name of the process of anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?

Answer 36

This process is called fermentation

Question 37

What is the word equation of fermentation?

Answer 37

Glucose ~>ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)

Question 38

What is an example of a micro organism that respires anaerobically

Answer 38

Yeast respires anaerobically – this fermentation is important in food production (e.g. bread, beer, and wine)

Question 39

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 39

This is the oxygen required to break down the lactic acid after anaerobic respiration