Chapter 2- Biological Processes Flashcards
What is photosynthesis
A chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts to produce glucose (food)
Photosynthesis word equation
Carbon dioxide + water ~> glucose + oxygen
What transports glucose
Phloem vessels transport glucose to all parts of a plant
What transports water in a plant
Xylem vessels transport water from the roots to the stems and leaves
What is the role of chlorophyll
Absorb light (found in the chloroplasts)
How does oxygen leave a leaf
Exits through tiny holes (called stoma or plural stomata)
How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
Carbon dioxide enters the plant through tiny holes called stoma (plural, stomata)
What are nitrates needed for in a plant?
Nitrates are needed for growth.
What are phosphates needed for in a plant?
Phosphates are needed for healthy roots
What is potassium needed for in a plant?
Potassium is needed for healthy leaves and flowers
What is magnesium needed for in a plant?
Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.
What is magnesium needed for in a plant?
Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.
What happens if a plant does not have enough of a mineral
It may suffer from a mineral deficiency
How can a mineral deficiency be solved?
Farmers can use fertiliser to add missing minerals to the soil.
What respiration in humans requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
The word equation is glucose + oxygen ~> water + carbon dioxide (+energy)
Where does respiration occur?
Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy
Where is glucose absorbed from?
Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.
Where does the blood plasma carry the glucose?
To the blood where it diffuses in to the blood
How does oxygen get in the body?
Oxygen is breathe in and diffuses into the blood stream
How does oxygen get to the cells?
Oxygen is carried by a blood to the cells where it diffuses in
How does carbon dioxide get out of the body?
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma. It is transported to the lungs, where it diffuses into the air sacs and is exhaled.
What is the waxy layer for in a leaf cell?
To reduce water loss by evaporation
What is the stoma needed for in a leaf cell?
On the lower surface to reduce water loss by evaporation
What are chloroplasts needed for in a leaf
Mainly located on the other side of the leaf, where the most sunlight reaches photosynthesis takes place here
What is the top layer of a leaf structure?
Palisade layer
What is the bottom layer of a leaf called?
Spongy layer
Facts about leaves (5 things)
Lee’s are specially adapted for photosynthesis:
Have lots of green chlorophyll – absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
Are thin – allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
Have a large surface area – absorb as much light as possible
have veins – xylem transports water, and phloem transports glucose
What part of a plant controls the stomata opening and closing?
Guard cell
What is the name of the space in between the spongy layer?
Airspace
What is the name of respiration without oxygen in animals?
Anaerobic respiration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose ~>lactic acid + a little energy
Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, such as during strenuous exercise
Does anaerobic respiration transfer more or less energy than aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration transfer is less energy
What does lactic acid do?
Lactic acid produce do used during anaerobic respiration can cause muscle cramps. This can cause increased inhalation to break down the lactic acid – the oxygen needed for this is called oxygen debt
What is the name of the process of anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?
This process is called fermentation
What is the word equation of fermentation?
Glucose ~>ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
What is an example of a micro organism that respires anaerobically
Yeast respires anaerobically – this fermentation is important in food production (e.g. bread, beer, and wine)
What is oxygen debt?
This is the oxygen required to break down the lactic acid after anaerobic respiration
