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Biology Revision > Chapter 2- Biological Processes > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Biological Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

A chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts to produce glucose (food)

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2
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water ~> glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

What transports glucose

A

Phloem vessels transport glucose to all parts of a plant

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4
Q

What transports water in a plant

A

Xylem vessels transport water from the roots to the stems and leaves

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5
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll

A

Absorb light (found in the chloroplasts)

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6
Q

How does oxygen leave a leaf

A

Exits through tiny holes (called stoma or plural stomata)

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7
Q

How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?

A

Carbon dioxide enters the plant through tiny holes called stoma (plural, stomata)

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8
Q

What are nitrates needed for in a plant?

A

Nitrates are needed for growth.

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9
Q

What are phosphates needed for in a plant?

A

Phosphates are needed for healthy roots

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10
Q

What is potassium needed for in a plant?

A

Potassium is needed for healthy leaves and flowers

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11
Q

What is magnesium needed for in a plant?

A

Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.

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12
Q

What is magnesium needed for in a plant?

A

Magnesium is needed for making chlorophyll.

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13
Q

What happens if a plant does not have enough of a mineral

A

It may suffer from a mineral deficiency

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14
Q

How can a mineral deficiency be solved?

A

Farmers can use fertiliser to add missing minerals to the soil.

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15
Q

What respiration in humans requires oxygen

A

Aerobic respiration

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16
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

The word equation is glucose + oxygen ~> water + carbon dioxide (+energy)

17
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy

18
Q

Where is glucose absorbed from?

A

Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

19
Q

Where does the blood plasma carry the glucose?

A

To the blood where it diffuses in to the blood

20
Q

How does oxygen get in the body?

A

Oxygen is breathe in and diffuses into the blood stream

21
Q

How does oxygen get to the cells?

A

Oxygen is carried by a blood to the cells where it diffuses in

22
Q

How does carbon dioxide get out of the body?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma. It is transported to the lungs, where it diffuses into the air sacs and is exhaled.

23
Q

What is the waxy layer for in a leaf cell?

A

To reduce water loss by evaporation

24
Q

What is the stoma needed for in a leaf cell?

A

On the lower surface to reduce water loss by evaporation

25
Q

What are chloroplasts needed for in a leaf

A

Mainly located on the other side of the leaf, where the most sunlight reaches photosynthesis takes place here

26
Q

What is the top layer of a leaf structure?

A

Palisade layer

27
Q

What is the bottom layer of a leaf called?

A

Spongy layer

28
Q

Facts about leaves (5 things)

A

Lee’s are specially adapted for photosynthesis:
Have lots of green chlorophyll – absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
Are thin – allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
Have a large surface area – absorb as much light as possible
have veins – xylem transports water, and phloem transports glucose

29
Q

What part of a plant controls the stomata opening and closing?

A

Guard cell

30
Q

What is the name of the space in between the spongy layer?

A

Airspace

31
Q

What is the name of respiration without oxygen in animals?

A

Anaerobic respiration

32
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Glucose ~>lactic acid + a little energy

33
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, such as during strenuous exercise

34
Q

Does anaerobic respiration transfer more or less energy than aerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration transfer is less energy

35
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

Lactic acid produce do used during anaerobic respiration can cause muscle cramps. This can cause increased inhalation to break down the lactic acid – the oxygen needed for this is called oxygen debt

36
Q

What is the name of the process of anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?

A

This process is called fermentation

37
Q

What is the word equation of fermentation?

A

Glucose ~>ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)

38
Q

What is an example of a micro organism that respires anaerobically

A

Yeast respires anaerobically – this fermentation is important in food production (e.g. bread, beer, and wine)

39
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

This is the oxygen required to break down the lactic acid after anaerobic respiration

Biology Revision (3 decks)

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