Chapter 1 Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What is the point of digestion
Break down insoluble food molecules to small soluble ones so that they can be absorbed into the blood stream
What does bacteria feed on?
Fibre
Where is bacteria found in the digestive system
Gut
What is bacteria in digestion needed for
Make important vitamins e.g. vitamin K
What does the pancreas do
Makes enzymes
What does the liver do in digestion
Makes bile
What does the gall bladder do
Stores bile
What does the bile duct do
Transports bile from the ball gladder to small intestine
What is the small intestine for
Digested food is absorbed into the blood
What is the large intestine for
Water and minerals are absorbed into the blood here
What happens in the mouth in the digestion process
Food is chewed
What do the salivary glands do
Add extra enzymes
What is the oesophagus for
Carries food to the stomach
What is the stomach for
Churns food and starts the chemical digestion of proteins
What happens in the rectum
Stores faeces
What happens in the anus
Releases faeces
What are enzymes and what do they do
Special proteins that break doen insoluble molecules of nutrients into soluble molecules.
What are enzymes known as
They are known as biological catalysts that speed up digestion without being used up
What do carboghydrases do?
Speed up digestion of carbohydrates which become sugar
What do proteases do?
Speed up digestion of proteins which become amino acids
What do lipases do
Speed up the digestion of lipids which become fatty acids and glycerol
Carbohydrates role in the body
Main source of energy
Lipids role in the body
Fats and oils provide energy
Proteins role in the body
Growth and repair of cells and tissues
Vitamins and minerals role in the body
Essential in small amounts to keep you healthy
Waters role in the body
Needed in all cells and body fluids
Fibres role in the body
Needed in the gut (but its not actually a nutrient)
Food tests- starch
Add a few drops of iodine solution to the food solution.
Result- if the solution turns blue-black, the food contains starch
Lipids food test
Add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution, shake it, and leave for one minute. Then pour the solution into a test tube of water. If the solution turns cloudy, the food contains lipids.
Sugar food test
Add a few drops of benedicts solution and heat the solution in a water bath.
If the solution turns orange-red, the food contains sugar
Protein food test
Add a few drops of biuret solution. If the solution turns purple, the food contains protein
What is a balanced diet
When you have the right proportions food groups to keep you healthy
Risks if you are underweight
1) lack of energy
2) poor immune system
3) vitamin and mineral deficiency
Risks of being overweight
Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Some cancers
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
E.g. vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets
What are drugs
Chemicals that affect the way your brain and body work
What are medicinal drugs
Used in medicine
Benefit your health if used correctly
Used to treat conditions and cure illnesses
Some have side effects
Examples include: paracetamol, antibiotics
What are recreational drugs
• taken for enjoyment/to relax/stay awake
• normally have no health benefits
• many can be harmful
• many are illegal
examples include: heroine, nicotine and caffeine
What is alcohol
Alcohol contains ethanol whoch is a depressant, meaning it slows down you body’s reactions.
What can drinking lots of alcohol over a long time cause
Stomach ulcers
Brain damage
Reduce fertility
Heart disease
Liver damage
What can drinking during pregnancy cause
Miscarriage
Low birth weight
Premature birth
Still birth
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Why is smoking so bad
Contains tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and many other harmful chemicals
Why is tar so bad
It clogs the lining of the lungs and aveoli, and contains cancer causing chemicals
Why is nicotine so bad
An addictive stimulant
Why is carbon monoxide so bad
Stops blood from carrying oxygen
What diseases can smoking cause
Heart disease
Lung cancer/ disease
Cardio vascular diseases
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Stroke
Diabetes
What does smoking during pregnancy increase risks of
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Still birth
What is addiction
When your body becomes used to chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal
What happens when an addict tries to stop taking a drug
They may suffer sickness, nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, anxiety and sweating. These are withdrawal symptoms
Addiction
the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance or activity.
