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Biology Revision > Chapter 1 Health And Lifestyle > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Health And Lifestyle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the point of digestion

A

Break down insoluble food molecules to small soluble ones so that they can be absorbed into the blood stream

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2
Q

What does bacteria feed on?

A

Fibre

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3
Q

Where is bacteria found in the digestive system

A

Gut

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4
Q

What is bacteria in digestion needed for

A

Make important vitamins e.g. vitamin K

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5
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Makes enzymes

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6
Q

What does the liver do in digestion

A

Makes bile

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7
Q

What does the gall bladder do

A

Stores bile

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8
Q

What does the bile duct do

A

Transports bile from the ball gladder to small intestine

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9
Q

What is the small intestine for

A

Digested food is absorbed into the blood

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10
Q

What is the large intestine for

A

Water and minerals are absorbed into the blood here

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11
Q

What happens in the mouth in the digestion process

A

Food is chewed

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12
Q

What do the salivary glands do

A

Add extra enzymes

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13
Q

What is the oesophagus for

A

Carries food to the stomach

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14
Q

What is the stomach for

A

Churns food and starts the chemical digestion of proteins

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15
Q

What happens in the rectum

A

Stores faeces

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16
Q

What happens in the anus

A

Releases faeces

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17
Q

What are enzymes and what do they do

A

Special proteins that break doen insoluble molecules of nutrients into soluble molecules.

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18
Q

What are enzymes known as

A

They are known as biological catalysts that speed up digestion without being used up

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19
Q

What do carboghydrases do?

A

Speed up digestion of carbohydrates which become sugar

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20
Q

What do proteases do?

A

Speed up digestion of proteins which become amino acids

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21
Q

What do lipases do

A

Speed up the digestion of lipids which become fatty acids and glycerol

22
Q

Carbohydrates role in the body

A

Main source of energy

23
Q

Lipids role in the body

A

Fats and oils provide energy

24
Q

Proteins role in the body

A

Growth and repair of cells and tissues

25
Q

Vitamins and minerals role in the body

A

Essential in small amounts to keep you healthy

26
Q

Waters role in the body

A

Needed in all cells and body fluids

27
Q

Fibres role in the body

A

Needed in the gut (but its not actually a nutrient)

28
Q

Food tests- starch

A

Add a few drops of iodine solution to the food solution.

Result- if the solution turns blue-black, the food contains starch

29
Q

Lipids food test

A

Add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution, shake it, and leave for one minute. Then pour the solution into a test tube of water. If the solution turns cloudy, the food contains lipids.

30
Q

Sugar food test

A

Add a few drops of benedicts solution and heat the solution in a water bath.
If the solution turns orange-red, the food contains sugar

31
Q

Protein food test

A

Add a few drops of biuret solution. If the solution turns purple, the food contains protein

32
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

When you have the right proportions food groups to keep you healthy

33
Q

Risks if you are underweight

A

1) lack of energy
2) poor immune system
3) vitamin and mineral deficiency

34
Q

Risks of being overweight

A

Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Some cancers

35
Q

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

A

E.g. vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets

36
Q

What are drugs

A

Chemicals that affect the way your brain and body work

37
Q

What are medicinal drugs

A

Used in medicine
Benefit your health if used correctly
Used to treat conditions and cure illnesses
Some have side effects
Examples include: paracetamol, antibiotics

38
Q

What are recreational drugs

A

• taken for enjoyment/to relax/stay awake
• normally have no health benefits
• many can be harmful
• many are illegal
examples include: heroine, nicotine and caffeine

39
Q

What is alcohol

A

Alcohol contains ethanol whoch is a depressant, meaning it slows down you body’s reactions.

40
Q

What can drinking lots of alcohol over a long time cause

A

Stomach ulcers
Brain damage
Reduce fertility
Heart disease
Liver damage

41
Q

What can drinking during pregnancy cause

A

Miscarriage
Low birth weight
Premature birth
Still birth
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

42
Q

Why is smoking so bad

A

Contains tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and many other harmful chemicals

43
Q

Why is tar so bad

A

It clogs the lining of the lungs and aveoli, and contains cancer causing chemicals

44
Q

Why is nicotine so bad

A

An addictive stimulant

45
Q

Why is carbon monoxide so bad

A

Stops blood from carrying oxygen

46
Q

What diseases can smoking cause

A

Heart disease
Lung cancer/ disease
Cardio vascular diseases
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Stroke
Diabetes

47
Q

What does smoking during pregnancy increase risks of

A

Premature birth
Low birth weight
Still birth

48
Q

What is addiction

A

When your body becomes used to chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal

49
Q

What happens when an addict tries to stop taking a drug

A

They may suffer sickness, nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, anxiety and sweating. These are withdrawal symptoms

50
Q

Addiction

A

the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance or activity.

Biology Revision (3 decks)

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