Chapter 2: Biological Molecules Flashcards
unique properties of water
Solvent, cohesive, high heat capacity, and high heat of evaporation
Solvent
polarity allows water to interact with many substances main transport medium for organisms
Cohesive
bacause of many h-bound
high heat capacity
lot of energy needed to force temp change
high heat of evaporation
lot of energy needed to force state change
Acids and Bases
water molecules can disassociate to produce ions
acids yield H+ (hydrogen ions)
bases accept H+
Ph*
the concentration of hydrogen ions(H+) in a solution often refered to as acidity of a solution
Range 0-14
0= most acidic
14= most basic
Buffers
substances that keep ph from changing
most biological systems function within a narrow range of ph near neutral
Buffers yield or accept h+
EX: carbonic acid- bicarbonate system maintains the pH of blood at 7.4
Biological molecules
molecules associated with life
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
Carbon
“backbone element of life”
Biological molecules have a carbon framework
Carbon has a unique election configurations
Forms up to 4 covalent bonds
Carbohydrates
sugars and starches: energy sources
complex carb: natural food
simple carb: processed products
simple carbohydrates
simple sugars
Monosaccharides= 1 sugar
Ex: glucose or fructose= C6H12O6
Disaccharides= 2 sugars
Ex: lactose
Complex Carbohydrates
polysaccharides, Statch
Made of repeating units of simple sugars
Monomers
Many macro molecules, like complex carbohydrates, are made of repeating units generically called monomers
Formed through dehydratation synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis*
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