Chapter 2 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
bond found in carbohydrates that links two glucose monomers
glycosidic bond
unbranched polymer of alpha glucose (containing only 1,4-glycosidic bonds) that is found in plants
amylose
branched polymer of alpha glucose (containing both 1,4- & 1,6-glycosidic bonds) that is found in plants
amylopectin
branched polymer of alpha glucose (containing both 1,4- & 1,6-glycosidic bonds) that is found in animals
glycogen
unbranched polymer of beta glucose (containing only 1,4-glycosidic bonds) that is found in plants
cellulose
bond found in lipids that links a fatty acid to glycerol
ester bond
lipid made of glycerol + 3 fatty acids
triglyceride
lipid made of glycerol + 2 fatty acids + a phosphate group
phospholipid
term used to describe a fatty acid that has NO double bonds between its carbon atoms
saturated
term used to describe a fatty acid that has at least one double bond between its carbon atoms
unsaturated
triglycerides containing at least one _______ fatty acid cannot pack tightly together so they form liquids/oils at room temperature
unsaturated
bond found in proteins that links two amino acids
peptide bond
a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is a protein’s _____ level of structure
primary
alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet are two types of _____ level protein structure
secondary
type of bond responsible for a protein’s secondary level of structure
hydrogen bond
proteins made of 2 or more polypeptides have ______ level structure
quaternary
the 4 bonds responsible for the tertiary and quaternary level structures of a protein
hydrogen bond,
ionic bond,
disulfide bond, hydrophobic interaction
proteins with this shape are soluble because they can “hide” their nonpolar R groups in their core
globular
a globular, quaternary level protein that functions in oxygen transport
hemoglobin
a fibrous, quaternary level protein that provides structural support to skin, tendons, the walls of blood vessels, etc.
collagen
describe the polarity of a water molecule
due to unequal sharing of electrons between the O and H atoms, the O atom has a slight negative charge and the two H atoms have slight positive charges
_____ is the attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
cohesion
_____ is the attraction between water molecules and other polar molecules (e.g. cellulose) due to hydrogen bonding
adhesion
property that makes water resistant to rapid changes in temperature
high specific heat capacity
