Chapter 1 - Cell Parts & Functions Flashcards
controls the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment
cell surface membrane
double membrane organelle that houses the DNA
nucleus
structure found inside a nucleus that manufactures ribosomes
nucleolus
organelle that synthesizes polypeptides
ribosome
a network of flattened, interconnect sacs that processes proteins produced by the ribosomes found on its surface
rough ER
a network of flattened, interconnected sacs that is involved in lipid synthesis
smooth ER
a stack of flattened sacs that modifies proteins it receives from the RER and packages them into vesicles
Golgi apparatus
double membrane organelle that produces ATP by aerobic cellular respiration
mitochondrion
organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down cellular wastes and engulfed pathogens
lysosome
a pair of hollow fibers made of microtubules that lie at right angles to one another; located in the centrosome of animal cells only; organizes the spindle fibers during cell division
centrioles
rigid structure that provides structural support to plant cells and prokaryotic cells
cell wall
the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
cellulose
the polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls
peptidoglycan
cytoplasmic channels that link adjacent plant cells
plasmodesmata
double membrane organelle found in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
a large, permanent storage structure found in plant cells that is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast
central vacuole
hair-like projections (made of microtubules) found on the surface of some cells that can provide locomotion (in unicellular organisms) or help move substances over the cell surface
cilia
thin extensions of the cell surface membrane that increase its surface area for absorption
microvilli
