Chapter 2: Bioethics and types of Biotech

Question 1

Provides solutions for today’s farmers in the form of plants that are more environmentally friendly while yielding more per acre, resisting diseases and insect pests, and reducing farmers’ production costs.

Answer 1

Agricultural Biotechnology

Question 2

The use of plants as sources of pharmaceutical products is an application of ag biotech

Answer 2

Molecular Pharming

Question 3

a nonfood crop that has been the subject of many years of breeding and agronomic research.

Answer 3

Tobacco

Question 4

(year): The ___________________________ allows biofuels to ease the “addiction” of the United States to foreign oil has been interpreted by advocates as meaning that 25% of U.S. energy would have to come from arable land by 2025.

Agricultural waste, grass, and other high-cellulose

Answer 4

2007: presidential advanced Energy Initiative

Question 5

Animals can be used as “bioreactors” to produce important products.

Answer 5

Animal Biotechnology

Question 6

Genetic engineering to produce disease-resistant strains of oysters and vaccines against viruses that infect salmon and other finfish.

Answer 6

Aquatic Biotechnology

Question 7

raising finfish or shellfish in controlled conditions for use as food sources.

Answer 7

Aquaculture

Question 8

Marine plankton and snails have been found to be rich sources of antitumor and anticancer molecules

Answer 8

Aquatic Biotechnology

Question 9

efforts are ongoing around the world to identify aquatic organisms with novel properties that may be exploited for commercial purposes.

Answer 9

Bioprospecting

Question 10

Use to process and degrade a variety of natural and human- made substances, particularly those that contribute to environ- mental pollution.

Answer 10

Bioremediation

Question 11

Powerful tool for law enforcement that can lead to the inclusion or exclusion of a person from suspicion, based on DNA evidence.

Answer 11

Forensic Biotechnology

Question 12

a collection of methods for detecting an organism’s unique DNA pattern

Answer 12

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 13

Applications of DNA printing

Answer 13

a. Endangered species
b. Paternity tests
c. Track and confirm organisms that spread disease
d. Track diseases
e. Determine if expensive food products contain cheap, substitute, mystery meats

Question 14

From preventative medicine to the diagnosis of health and illness to the treatment of human disease conditions, has resulted in an amazing array of applications designed to improve human health.

Answer 14

Medical Biotechnology

Question 15

approaches, in which genetic disease conditions can be treated by inserting normal genes into a patient or replacing diseased genes with normal genes, are being pioneered.

Answer 15

Gene Therapy

Question 16

immature cells that have the potential to develop and specialize into nerve cells, blood cells, muscle cells, and virtually any other type of cell in the body.

Answer 16

Stem cells

Question 17

are used to make vaccines and to clone and produce batch amounts of important proteins used in human medicine.

Answer 17

Microbes

Question 18

when a person has been made aware of the consequences and future implications, especially in medical and legal situations, and then gives permission for their participation in a study.

Answer 18

Informed consent

Question 19

Biotechnology products must be carefully examined before they are available for us

Answer 19

Regulatory Process

Question 20

sets the standards for biotechnology products

Answer 20

FDA

Question 21

2 important aspects of Regulatory process

Answer 21

QA
QC

Question 22

• Measures include all activities involved in regulating the final quality of a product
• Influence the quality of the product

Answer 22

QA

Question 23

Involves lab testing and monitoring of processes and applications to ensure consistent product standards

Answer 23

QC