Chapter 1: Intro Flashcards
The engineering of biological organisms to benefit mankind
Biotechnology
[year]
Edward Jenner successfully test smallpox vaccine
1796
[year]
James watson and francis Crick discover DNA structure
1953
[year]
Gregor Mendel publishes research which serves as foundation for genetics
1865
(year)
Egyptians baked leavened bread with yeast
4000 BC
(year)
Earliest known beer is produced by fermentation in China
7000 BC
(year)
Various cultures produce cheese and yogurt with lactic acid- producing bacteria
6000 BC
(year)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria and other microorganisms
1674
selecting plants and animals with desirable characteristics, humans are choosing organisms with useful genes and taking advantage of their genetic potential for human benefit
model organisms
Substances produced by microorganisms that will inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
Antibiotics
On 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that the mold_____ inhibited the growth of a bacterium called
_______\
- penicillum
- staphylococcus aureus
a biotechnology application to improve production of crops and livestock used for food purposes.
Selective breeding
Selecting plants and animals with desirable characteristics, humans are choosing organisms with useful genes and taking advantage of their genetic potential for human benefit.
Model organisms
Organisms with desirable
features are purposely mated to produce offspring with
the same characteristics.
desirable
selective breeding
Important for drug testing and in vivo studies of stem cells and cancer
model organisms
Scientists can grow bacteria and other cells in large amounts and harvest useful products in large batches—were developed to isolate commercially important molecules from microorganisms.
Batch Processes
the ability to identify and reproduce a gene of interest
Gene cloning
Manipulating the DNA of an organism.
Genetic Engineering
Used to produce many proteins of medical importance, including insulin, human growth hormone, and blood- clotting factors.
Recombinant DNA technology
A primary goal to identify all genes—the genome — contained in the DNA of human cells and to map their locations to each of the 24 human chromosomes.
Human Genome Project
To combine DNA from different sources.
Recombinant DNA Technology
creating drugs for the treatment of human health conditions
Pharmaceutical Production
(year) and (company)
is the world’s first biotech company, received approval for recombinant insulin, used for the treatment of diabetes, as the first biotechnology product for human benefit
1982, Genentech
Cells are grown in dishes or flasks within liquid culture media designed to provide the nutrients necessary for cell growth.
Cell Culture
used to mass produce cells containing the DNA of interest.
Bioreactors
To treat and cure human disease conditions
Gene Therapy
