Chapter 2 Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism

Question 1

substrate nutrients

Answer 1

protein, carbohydrates, fats

Question 2

Bioenergetics

Answer 2

the breakdown of substrates by use of chemical pathways that convert into energy used by cells.

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

all chemical reactions in the body

Question 4

energy in humans is expressed as

Answer 4

kilocalorie

Question 5

Carbohydrates are the only for fuel for the ___ and can impact cognitive function negatively if not sufficient.

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

carbohydrates are stored broken down to ___ which is a usable source for the body.

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

Glucose can be stored in the muscle cells for ATP production, liver foruse in the blood and active tissues. What is the storage form of glucose called?

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Fat is used for energy and is stored in the body as?

Answer 8

Triglycerides

Question 9

Once stored body fat (triglycerides) is broken down it is converted to?

Answer 9

Free fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 10

what is used to produce ATP when referring to stored body fat?

Answer 10

Free Fatty Acids

Question 11

Non energy producing fats in the body are?

Answer 11

Steroids and phospholipids

Question 12

Proteins can supply energy and need to be transformed from ___ to either ___ or ____?

Answer 12

amino acids, free fatty acids or glucose.

Question 13

Gluconeogenesis is?

Answer 13

amino acids or free fatty acids are covered to glucose.

Question 14

lipogenesis is?

Answer 14

conversion of amino acids to free fatty acids

Question 15

Release of energy from breaking chemical compounds needs to occur at a ____ rate?

Answer 15

controlled

Question 16

The rate at which chemical compounds are broken down to release energy is controlled by?

Answer 16

Availably of primary substrate and enzyme activity.

Question 17

Enzymes (generic deffiniton)

Answer 17

speed up the break down of chemical molecules (catabolism).

Question 18

Enzymes DO NOT Cause

Answer 18

cause the chemical reaction to occur or the amount of usable energy produced.

Question 19

Enzymes DO Cause

Answer 19

the lowering of Activation Energy that is required to begin the reaction.

Question 20

Rate limiting Enzyme

Answer 20

is the slowest step for a given reaction to occur which determines the overall rate of rate of reaction.

Question 21

How does a rate-limiting enzyme illustrate negative feedback?

Answer 21

By inhibiting the regulatory enzyme that limits the rate of the reaction