Chapter 2: Biochemistry

Question 1

ground state

Answer 1

if all the electrons are in the lowest available energy levels

Question 2

excited state

Answer 2

when an atom absorbs energy, electrons move to higher energy level

Question 3

isotope

Answer 3

atoms of an element that vary only in number of neutrons , in nature, element occurs as mixture of isotopes

Question 4

bonding

Answer 4

formed when two nuclei attract the same electrons, energy released bc atoms acquire a more stable configuration by completing their outer shells

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

must be supplied to break bond

Question 6

ionic bonds

Answer 6

from transfer of electrons

Question 7

anion

Answer 7

[a n]egative [ion]

Question 8

cation

Answer 8

a positive ion (has t == +)

Question 9

covalent bonds

Answer 9

atoms share electrons, resulting structure is molecule

Question 10

single cov. bond

Answer 10

two atoms share 1 pair of e-

Question 11

double cov. bond

Answer 11

two atoms share 2 pair of e-

Question 12

triple cov. bond

Answer 12

same as last 2

Question 13

non polar cov. bond

Answer 13

shared equally, found in diatomic molecules

Question 14

polar cov. bond

Answer 14

shared unequally, found in any two different atoms

Question 15

diatomic molecules

Answer 15

Have No Fear of Ice Cold Beer (hydrogen, nitrogen, flourine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine)

Question 16

hydrophilic def.

Answer 16

water loving

Question 17

hydrophilic substances

Answer 17

polar, have charge, ionic

Question 18

water name

Answer 18

universal solvent

Question 19

hydrophobic def.

Answer 19

water hating

Question 20

hydrophobic substances

Answer 20

non polar, will instead dissolve in lipids

Question 21

miscible

Answer 21

able to dissolve in one another

Question 22

pH

Answer 22

measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution

Question 23

acid

Answer 23

pH is less than 7

Question 24

alkaline substance, or basic

Answer 24

pH is greater than 7

Question 25

value of pH

Answer 25

negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter, ex: pH of 1 == 10^-1 == 0.1 molar, this is the concentration of H+ ions in mol/liter

Question 26

pHs in relation

Answer 26

pH 3 is 10x more acidic than pH 4

Question 27

ph stomach acid

Answer 27

2

Question 28

ph human blood

Answer 28

7.4

Question 29

ph acid rain

Answer 29

1.5-5.4

Question 30

internal ph of living cells

Answer 30

close to 7

Question 31

buffers

Answer 31

substances that resist changes in pH

Question 32

buffers work by

Answer 32

absorbing excess H+ ions or donating H+ ions

Question 33

buffer in human blood

Answer 33

bicarbonate ion

Question 34

acids vs alkaline and H+ ions

Answer 34

acids have more, alkaline less