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Bio > Chapter 2 Bio Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Bio Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element that has the traits of the element

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2
Q

Atomic number

A

Number that identifies a particular element and is equal to the number of protons in
each atom of the element

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3
Q

Bond (chemical)

A

An interaction between atoms that holds the two atoms together based on events
relating to electrons in the two atoms

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4
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A rearrangement of atoms in substances that results in the production of new
substances

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5
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance that is composed of particles made of two or more elements

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6
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A bond between atoms involving sharing of a pair of electrons between the atoms
involved

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7
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with negative charge, essentially no mass, and that is located in
regions around the atom’s nucleus

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8
Q

Element

A

A substance composed of only one type of atom

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9
Q

Energy level

A

Relates to the position of electrons around an atom’s nucleus; higher energy levels have
electrons with more energy and are located farther from the nucleus

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10
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle (anion = negatively charged particle; cation = positively charged
particle)

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11
Q

Ionic Bond

A

A bond between atoms involving the formation of oppositely charged ions by transfer
of electron(s) from one atom to another

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12
Q

Mass

A

A measure of how much matter an object has (measured in grams (g))

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13
Q

Matter

A

Anything with mass and volume

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14
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest particle of a covalent bond

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15
Q

Neutron

A

A subatomic particle that is located in the nucleus of an atom, has a mass of 1 amu, and
no charge

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16
Q

Nucleus (atomic)

A

The area within an atom where protons and neutrons are located

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17
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle that is located in the nucleus of an atom, has a mass of 1 amu, and
positive charge

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18
Q

Valence electron

A

A electron that is located in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom

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19
Q

Isotope

A

An atom that differs in its mass (and neutron #) from another atom of the same
element

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20
Q

Crookes tube

A

A glass tube filled with a pure sample of a gas that glows when power is supplied to the
tube (also known as a cathode ray tube)

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21
Q

Crookes tube

A

A glass tube filled with a pure sample of a gas that glows when power is supplied to the
tube (also known as a cathode ray tube)

22
Q

Radioactive element

A

Any element whose nucleus is unstable and will decay

23
Q

Radioactive decay

A

The breakdown of the nucleus of a radioactive atom; can be one of three types – alpha
particle, beta particle, or gamma

24
Q

Alpha Particle

A

A particle with mass of 4 and charge of positive 2 that is given off during some forms of
radioactive decay

25
Q

Light

A

A form of energy on the electromagnetic spectrum

26
Q

Photon

A

A particle of light energy

27
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between a given point on one wave and the same point on the next wave;
for example, the distance from one crest to the next crest.

28
Q

Frequency of Waves

A

A measurement of the number of waves that pass a given point during a particular
period of time (e.g., hertz = # cycles per second)

29
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work or cause change

30
Q

Continuous Spectrum

A

The array of colors of light in the visible spectrum in which one color blends into the
next (e.g., a rainbow is a continuous spectrum)

31
Q

Bright Line Spectrum

A

The array of distinct bands of colors of light that is seen when looking at light from
elements through diffraction grating glasses

32
Q

Electron Orbits

A

Concept proposed by N. Bohr to describe the well-defined paths that electrons travel as
they circle the nucleus of an atom

33
Q

Electron Orbital

A

Concept that describes the general regions where electrons travel as they circle the
nucleus of the atom; each orbital is associated with a certain energy level

34
Q

Charge-cloud Model

A

Name of the modern model of the atom; involves a dense, positive nucleus surrounded
by cloud-like areas (orbitals) where electrons travel

35
Q

Quantam Mechanic Model

A

Name of the modern model of the atom; involves a dense, positive nucleus surrounded
by cloud-like areas (orbitals) where electrons travel

36
Q

Balanced Equation

A

Representation of the events of a chemical reaction that follows the law of
conservation of matter (reactants  products)

37
Q

Law of conservation of
matter

A

Concept that during any chemical reaction there is no creation and no destruction of
matter

38
Q

Periodic table

A

An ordered listing of the elements in such a way as to illustrate trends and similarities

39
Q

Period (on periodic
table)

A

A row on the periodic table; the number of the period indicates the number of occupied
energy levels in neutral atoms of those elements, and the position in the period
indicates the number of valence electrons in atoms of a particular element

40
Q

Activation Energy

A

The amount of energy that must be absorbed by reactants in order for a chemical
reaction to proceed

41
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance or particle that reduces activation energy of a reaction, thereby increasing
the rate of the reaction

42
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

A reaction in which more energy is absorbed than is released

43
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

An endergonic reaction in which the type of energy involved is heat energy

44
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein catalyst

45
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Reaction in which more energy is released than is absorbed

46
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Exergonic reaction in which the form of energy involved is heat

47
Q

Oxidation reaction

A

Reaction in which a particle LOSES one or more electrons

48
Q

Reduction reaction

A

Reaction in which a particle GAINS one or more electrons

49
Q

Reactant

A

The material that is present before a chemical reaction occurs

50
Q

Product

A

The material that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction

51
Q

State (of matter)

A

Arrangement of particles in a material; for our purposes, it may be solid, liquid or gas

Bio (6 decks)

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