Chapter 2 Beliefs, Values, and Health

Question 1

Activities of Daily Living

Answer 1

Most commonly used measure of disability, which includes whether an individual needs assistance to perform basic activies, such as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting and getting into/out of bed/chair

Question 2

Acute Condition

Answer 2

Condition that is relatively sever, episodic, and often treatable and subject to recovery

Question 3

Agent

Answer 3

One of the factors in teh epidemiology triangle, which must be present for an infections disease to occur; in other words, an infectious disease cannot occur without an agent

Question 4

Bioterrorism

Answer 4

Use of chemical, biological, and nuclear agents to cause harm to relatively large civilian populations

Question 5

Cases

Answer 5

People who end up acquiring a negative health condition

Question 6

Chronic Condition

Answer 6

Condition that persists over time and is not severe, but generally irreversible

Question 7

Community Health Assessment

Answer 7

Method used for conducting broad assessments of populations at a local or state level

Question 8

Crude Rates

Answer 8

Measures referring to the total population; they are not specific to any age groups or disease categories

Question 9

Demand-side rationing

Answer 9

Barriers to obtaining health care faced by individuals who do not have sufficient income to pay for services or to purchase health insurance

Question 10

Emigration

Answer 10

Migration out of a defined geographic area

Question 11

Environment

Answer 11

One of the factors of the epidemiology triangle, which is external to the host; in includes the physical, social, cultural and economic aspects of the environment

Question 12

Environmental Health

Answer 12

Field that focuses on the environmental determinants of health

Question 13

Epidemic

Answer 13

Outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and affects many individuals within a population

Question 14

Fertility

Answer 14

Capacity of a population to reproduce

Question 15

Health Care

Answer 15

Treatment of illness and the maintenance of health

Question 16

Health Determinants

Answer 16

Factors that contribute to the general well-being of individuals and populations

Question 17

Health Risk Appraisal

Answer 17

Evaluation of risk factors associated with host, agent, and environment and their health consequences for individuals

Question 18

Holistic Health

Answer 18

The well-being of every aspect of what makes a person whole and complete

Question 19

Holistic Medicine

Answer 19

Philosphy of health care that emphasizes the well-being over every aspect of a person, including the physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects of health

Question 20

Host

Answer 20

One of the factors of the epidemiology triangle; an organism, generally a human, who receives the agent and becomes sick

Question 21

Iatrogenic Illness

Answer 21

Illnesses or injuries caused by the process of medical care

Question 22

Immigration

Answer 22

Migration to a defined geographic area

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

Number of new cases of a disease in a defined population within a specified period

Question 24

Instrumental activites of daily living (IADLs)

Answer 24

Person’s ability to perform household and social tasks, such as home maintenance, cooking, shopping and managing money

Question 25

Life expectancy

Answer 25

Actuarial determination of how long, on average, a person of a given age is likely to live.

Question 26

Market Justice

Answer 26

Distributional principle according to which health care is most equitably distributed through the market forces of supply and demand rather than government interventions

Question 27

Migration

Answer 27

Geographic movement of populations between defined geographic units, which involves permanent change of residence

Question 28

Morbidity

Answer 28

Sickness

Question 29

Mortality

Answer 29

death

Question 30

Natality

Answer 30

Birth Rate

Question 31

Planned rationing

Answer 31

Also called supply-side rationing; government efforts to limit the availability of health care services, particularly expensive technology

Question 32

Population at risk

Answer 32

al the people in the same community or population group who are susceptible to acquiring a disease or negative health condition

Question 33

Prevalence

Answer 33

Number of cases of a given disease in a given population at a certain point in time

Question 34

Primary Prevention

Answer 34

In a strict epidemiologic sense, the prevention of disease - ie health education, immunization, and environmental control measures

Question 35

Public Health

Answer 35

Wide variety of activities undertake by state and local governments to ensure conditions that promote optimal health for society as a whole

Question 36

Quality of Life

Answer 36

(1) Factors considered important by patients, such as environmental comfort, security, interpersonal relations, personal preferences and autonomy in making decisions when institutionalized.
(2) Overall satisfaction with life during and following a person’s encounter with the health care delivery system

Question 37

Risk Factors

Answer 37

Environmental elements, personal habits or living conditions that increase the likelihood of developing a particular disease or negative health condition in the future

Question 38

Secondary Prevention

Answer 38

Efforts to detect disease in early stages so as to provide a more effective treatment - ie screening and periodic health examinations.
Main objective is to block the progression of disease or injury to keep it from developing into an impairment or disability

Question 39

Social Contacts

Answer 39

Number of activities a person engages in within a specified period of time. Examples include visits with friends and relatives, attendance at social events such as conferences etc

Question 40

Social Justice

Answer 40

Distribution principle according to which health care is most equitably distributed by a government-run national health care program

Question 41

Social Resources

Answer 41

Social contact athat can be relied upon for support, such as family, relative, friends, neighbors and members of a religious congregation
Indicative of adequacy of of social relationships

Question 42

Subacute condition

Answer 42

Condition that is a less sever phase of an acute illness.

Question 43

Supply-side rationing

Answer 43

Also called planned rationing; government efforts to limit the availability of health care services, particularly expensive technology

Question 44

Surge Capacity

Answer 44

Ability of a health care facility or system to expand its operations to safely treat an abnormally large influx of patients

Question 45

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 45

Interventions to prevent complications from chronic conditions and avoid further illness, injury or disability

Question 46

Travel ban

Answer 46

Effective measure imposed on people to restrict travel during a pandemic to delay the spread of the disease

Question 47

Utilization

Answer 47

Consumption of health care services and the extent to which health care services are used

Question 48

What is the role of health risk appraisal in health promotion and disease prevention?

Answer 48

Determine interventions to be developed to help individuals adopt healthier lifestyles

Question 49

Health promotion and disease prevention may require both behavioral modification and therapeutic intervention. Discuss

Answer 49

Behavior modification can assist patients to develop healthier habits and prevent or minimize unhealthy choices.
Theraputic interventions have three categories, primary, secondary and tertiary, they are activities to reduce, prevent and treat developement of disease or negative health condition

Question 50

Discuss the definitions of health presented in this chapter in terms of their implications for the health care delivery system

Answer 50

Healthcare can be defined a variety of services believed to improve a person’s health.