Chapter 2- Basic Concepts and Principles Flashcards
Behavior
Interaction between organism and its environment which includes its own body.
Response
Specific instance of a bx.
Response Topography
Physical shape or form of the behavior. Can be useful but different shapes or form of the behavior could produce the same effect on environment.
Response Class
Group of responses that serve the same function.
Repertoire
- All the bxs a person can do
2. Person’s collection of knowledge and skills relevant to particular settings or tasks
Environment
Full set of physical circumstances in which the organism exists.
Stimulus
Any change that affects an organism through its receptor cells.
Types of Receptor Cells
Exteroceptors (think the five senses), Interceptors (detect change within), and Proprioceptors (movement and balance).
How can stimuli be described?
- Formally- physical features
- Temporally- when they occur
- Functionally- their effect on the bx
Respondent Behavior
Reflexes, a product of evolution because of its importance to the survival of the species.
Respondent Behavior- Elicited or Evoked?
Elicited! Rarely change throughout lifetime.
Respondent Conditioning
Formally neutral stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit reflex.
Respondent Extinction
Conditioned reflex can be weakened and cease altogether if the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus.
Higher-Order Conditioning
Conditioned reflexes can be established by stim-stim pairing of a neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus.
Operant Behavior
Any behavior determined primarily by its history of consequences.
Topography and function of operant behavior are predetermined like respondent behavior. True or false?
False.
Selectionism
A theory that all forms of life naturally evolve as a reaction between function and the value of that function.
Operant Conditioning
Process and selection effects of consequences on behavior.
_ increases the future likelihood of the behavior, while _ decreases the future likelihood of the behavior.
Reinforcement; Punishment
_ are strengthened or weakened by operant conditioning.
Response classes
_ adds a stimulus after the target behavior, while _ removes a stimulus after the target behavior.
Positive; Negative
Unconditioned Reinforcement and Punishment
No prior learning history with the stimuli. Events that function as either of these are the product of evolution.
Conditioned Reinforcement and Punishment
Stimuli that function as either of these are because of prior pairing, not biological need.
Discriminated Operant
A behavior that occurs more often under some antecedent conditions than it does in others. Shows stimulus control.
3-Term Contingency
Basic unit of analysis of operant behavior. Antecedent, behavior, consequence.
Contingency
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the behavior.
Contingency- Shaped Behavior
Requires direct experience with consequence.
Rule-Governed Behavior
Does not require experience with the consequence.
Contingency Adduction
Rapid learning where a bx was initially selected and shaped under one set of conditions is recruited by a different set of contingencies and takes on new function. Ex. math
Joint Control
Combining two separate but related forms of verbal behavior to acquire stimulus control of a response. Ex. Trying to remember a person’s name- Saying it over in your head and typing it in your phone.
Algebraic Summation
Competing contingencies in behavior. Ex. Listening to music while studying, doesn’t finish all of reading homework.
History of Reinforcement
Every person arrives at a different repertoire in a given situation due to different experiences.
