Chapter 2- Basic Components Of Living Systems

Question 1

What are the two light microscope lenses called?

Answer 1

Objective lens

Eye piece lens

Question 2

Different sample preparations

Answer 2

Dry mount-cut into thin slices,placed on a solid and a cover slip is placed over it
Wet mount-specimens are suspended in water.A coverslip is placed on at a angle

Question 3

What is differential staining

Answer 3

Helps distinguish between two types of organisms which otherwise would be hard to identify

Question 4

Microscope equation

Answer 4

Image size=actually size x magnification

Question 5

Magnification definition

Answer 5

How many times larger it is than the true size

Question 6

Resolution definition

Answer 6

The ability to clearly distinguish between two objects

Question 7

Nucleus function

Answer 7

Contains coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules, contained within a double membrane known as nuclear envelope

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

Area within a nucleus and is responsible for producing ribosomes. Composed of proteins and RNA. RNA is used to produce ribosomal RNA which is then combined with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 9

Mitochondria function

Answer 9

Site of final stages of aerobic respiration

Question 10

Vehicles function

Answer 10

Have storage and transport roles. Used to transport materials inside the cell

Question 11

Lysosomes function

Answer 11

Specialised form of vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for breaking down waste material

Question 12

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 12

Has three components
Microfilaments-contractile fibres formed from protein actin,responsible for cell movement
Microtubles-scaffold like structure, act as tracks for movement
Intermediate fibres-gives mechanical strength to cell
Centrioles composed of microtubles

Question 13

Flagella function

Answer 13

Enables cell movement

Question 14

Cilia function

Answer 14

Beats in a rhythmitic manor

Question 15

ER function

Answer 15

Flattened sacs made up off: SER,RER

Question 16

SER function

Answer 16

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and storage

Question 17

RER function

Answer 17

Ribosomes bound to surface, responsible for proteins

Question 18

Ribosomes function

Answer 18

Site of protein synthesis

Question 19

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 19

Modifying protiens and packaging them into vesicles

Question 20

Protein production

Answer 20

1. Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes bound to ER
2. They then pass into its cisterane and are packaged into vesicles
3. Vesicles contains the newly synthesised proteins move towards Golgi apparatus
4. Vesicles fuse with face of Golgi and proteins enter. The proteins are structurally modified before leaning Golgi apparatus in vesicles from trans face.
5. Vesicles move towards and fuse with cell surface membrane releasing contents by exocytosis

Question 21

What features in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

Nucleus
No linear DNA instead circular
No membrane bound organelles
Smaller ribosomes