Chapter 11- Biodiversity

Question 1

Define habit biodiversity

Answer 1

Number of different habitats found within a area

Question 2

Define species richness

Answer 2

The number of different species living in a particular area

Question 3

Define species evenness

Answer 3

A comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community

Question 4

Define genetic biodiversity

Answer 4

Variety of genes that make up a species

Question 5

What is random sampling?

Answer 5

Means selecting individuals by chance, each individual in the population has an equal likelihood of selection.

1. Mark out a grid on the grass using two tape measures laid at right angles
2. Use random numbers to determine the x coordinate and the y coordinate on your grid
3. Take a sample at each of the coordinate pairs generated

Question 6

What is non random sampling?

Answer 6

Divided into three different techniques
Opportunistic
Stratified
Systematic

Question 7

What is opportunistic sampling?

Answer 7

Uses organisms that are conveniently available

Question 8

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 8

Population divide into different sub groups based on a certain characteristic. For instance, the population might be separated into males and females. A random sample is then taken from each strata

Question 9

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 9

Carried out using a line or a belt transect. Take samples at specified points

Question 10

Reliability of results

Answer 10

Sampling bias- the selection process may be biased e.g one chosen area may have more flowers than the other.
Chance- may not represent whole population

Question 11

Use of a poorer

Answer 11

Used to catch small insects. By sucking on a mouthpiece and insects are drawn into the holding chamber via the inlet tube.

Question 12

Use of a sweep net

Answer 12

Are used to catch insects in areas of long grass

Question 13

Use of pitfall traps

Answer 13

Used to catch small, crawling invertebrates such as beetles, spiders and slugs

Question 14

Use of tree beating

Answer 14

Is used to take samples of invertebrates living in a tree or a bush

Question 15

Use of kick sampling

Answer 15

Is used to study the organisms living in a river. The river bank and bed is kicked for a period of time to disturb the substrate. A net is held just downstream for a set period of time.

Question 16

Simpson’s index diversity

Answer 16

0 represents no diversity

1 respects infinite diversity

Question 17

Factors that affect genetic biodiversity

Answer 17

Natural selection
Genetic bottlenecks 
The founder effect
Genetic drift
Gene flow

Question 18

Ex situ conservation

Answer 18

Outside natural habitat

Question 19

In situ conservation

Answer 19

In natural habitat

Question 20

CITES

Answer 20

Establishes a red list which highlights all animals which are threatened and helps countries work together to help conserve these species
Stops animal trade

Question 21

The Rio convention

Answer 21

172 nations agreed to new strategies to help conserve species

Question 22

Countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 22

Pay locals to conserve landscape