Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards
What are properties of a subatomic particle?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is the charge of 1 proton?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron.
There is no charge; neutral.
What is a the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the mass of a proton?
1 Atomic Mass Unit or AMU
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 atomic mass unit or AMU
What is the mass of an electron?
0 Atomic Mass Units or AMU
Where is the location of the proton?
The proton is located in the nucleus.
Where is the location of a neutron?
A neutron is located in the nucleus.
Where is an electron located?
An electron is located in the electron shell.
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons
What is the Mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
What is the atomic mass?
The average of the mass number found through isotopes.
What is an isotope?
When an atom of the same element have a different number of neutrons.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms are the most stable when the valence shell is full (8 elections).
What do Ionic bonds do?
Give or take
When will an atom give away their or transfer electrons during ionic bonding?
When that atom has 3 or less on its most outer shell.
When would an atom receive atoms when trying to achieve ionic bonding?
When that atom has 5 or more electrons
What is a covalent bond?
When two atoms share electrons.
What is polar covalent bonding?
When one atom attracts electrons to a grater degree through electronegativity.
Explain electronegativity?
Electronegativity occurs during polar bonding because amongst the molecule there is an atom that has more protons that causes a stronger pull of the electrons that are negative.
True or False
A molecule can have polar bonding through individual bonds but can be unipolar as a molecule as a whole.
True
How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?
H – H
1 electron
How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?
H = H
2 electrons
How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?
H = H
3 electrons
Within the polar covalent bond of h2o, which atom is + and which is - ?
Oxygen is - while hydrogen is +
How is a hydrogen bond formed?
Partial charges through polar covalent bonding created by electronegativity attract other atoms with molecules forming bonds.
What is a solvent?
The most abundant part.
What is a solute?
The least abundant part that easily dissolves.
Hydrophilic
Something that easily dissolved in water; polar molecules are hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic
Something that does not dissolve in water; nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic.
What happens to ionic compounds in water?
Ionic compounds dissociate while simultaneously attracting to each other.
How does the PH scale range from?
0 - 14
What does a hydrogen ion look like?
H+
What does a hydroxide ion look like?
OH-
Does hydroxide ion work as an acid or base?
Base
Does a hydrogen ion work as an acid or a base?
acid
What does it mean to move up on the PH scale?
Move down?
1, 2, 3, 4
9, 8, 7, 6
What is considered neutral on the PH scale?
What is it?
7
Water
What is an acid?
Substances that dissociate in water and release positive hydrogen ions (H+)
What is a base?
Substances that dissociate in water and release negative hydroxide ions (OH-)
What is a buffer?
A substance that helps keep the PH in a particular range
