Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions, and Compounds Flashcards
Module 2
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Subatomic particle
Abbreviation
Relative Charge
Relative Mass
Proton, Nuetron, Electron
p+, n, e-
1+, 0, -1
1, 1, 1/1836
What is the atomic number?
The amount of protons an atom has.
What is the mass number?
The amount of protons and neutrons an atom has.
How would you calculate the amount of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
What is the equation for % abundance?
% abundance = (mr 1 x %1) + (mr 2 x %2), etc. / 100
State the definition of an ion.
An atom is an ion that has either lost or gained electrons.
State the definition of an isotope.
Isotopes are different versions of an atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.
What is the general equation for moles?
moles = mass/Mr or n = m/Mr
What is positive ion?
It is a cation and has lost electrons.
What is a negative ion?
It is a negative ion and has gained electrons.
Why do ions generally form?
This is because generally will lose or gain electrons to form a stable electronic configuration similar to the noble gases.
List some common examples of ions.
Ammonium ion: NH + => 1+
Hydroxide: OH - => 1-
Nitrate: NO3 - => 1-
Nitrite: NO2 - => 1-
Hydrogencarbonate: HCO3 - => 1-
Manganate (VII) (permanganate):
MnO4 - => 1-
Carbonate: CO3 2- => 2-
Sulfate: SO4 2- => 2-
Sulfite: SO3 2- => 2-
Dichromate: Cr2O7 2- => 2-
Phosphate: PO4 3- => 3-
State the definition for relative atomic mass.
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element for 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom.
State the definition for relative isotopic mass.
The weighted mean mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom.
State the definition for relative formula mass.
The weight mean mass of a formula unit of a compound relative to 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom.
State the common charges of formed in the periodic table.
Group 1 will form a 1+ charge.
Group 2 will form a 2+ charge.
Group 3 will form a 3+ charge.
Group 4 can vary in the charge formed.
Group 5 will form a 3- charge.
Group 6 will form a 2- charge.
Group 7 will form a 1- charge.
Transition metals are able to form multiple charges.
Noble gases will generally not form a charge since the are normally unreactive.
State the definition for relative molecular mass.
The weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound relative to 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom.
What are the general state symbols used in equations?
Solid - (s)
Liquid - (l)
Gas - (g)
Aqueous - (aq)
