Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
Module 4
What is the general study of organic chemistry?
It is the study of organic compounds that contain carbon as the central element.
How many bonds can carbon atoms form?
They can form up to 4 bonds.
What types of bonds can be formed?
Single bonds or multiple bonds - e.g. double/triple bonds.
What happens when carbon atoms bond together?
They will begin to form a long carbon chain.
What is a hydrocarbon?
It is an organic compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
Which are which?
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated and which are alkenes.
Alkanes are saturated and only form single single bonds whereas alkenes are unsaturated and can form multiple bonds.
How many types of bonds can the listed form:
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.
Alkanes can only form single bonds.
Alkenes can form either/both single or double bonds.
Alkynes can form either/both single, double and triple bonds.
What is the homologous series?
It is a family of compounds with the below properties:
1) They have the same functional group.
2) They have similar chemical properties.
3) Each successive member of the series differs by CH2.
What is a functional group?
Part of the organic compound/molecule that is largely responsible for the chemical properties. - e.g. alcohols -OH, carboxylic acid -COOH.
What are alipahtic hydrocarbons?
Compounds where the carbon atoms are joined together by a straight/branched chains.
What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?
When the carbon atoms are joined in a ring structure.
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
These are compounds that contain a benzene ring - C6H6.
What is the naming of organic compounds known as?
Nomenclature.
Give the prefixes for the first stems compounds.
1 - meth_____
2 - eth_______
3 - prop______
4 - but_______
5 - pent______
6 - hex_______
7 - hept______
8 - oct________
9 - non_______
10 - dec______
List the suffixes for various organic compounds.
Alkanes: -ane
Alkenes: -ene
Haloalkanes: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-
Alcohol: -ol
Aldehyde: -al
Ketone: -one
Carboxylic acid: -oic acid
