Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
Module 4
What is the general study of organic chemistry?
It is the study of organic compounds that contain carbon as the central element.
How many bonds can carbon atoms form?
They can form up to 4 bonds.
What types of bonds can be formed?
Single bonds or multiple bonds - e.g. double/triple bonds.
What happens when carbon atoms bond together?
They will begin to form a long carbon chain.
What is a hydrocarbon?
It is an organic compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
Which are which?
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated and which are alkenes.
Alkanes are saturated and only form single single bonds whereas alkenes are unsaturated and can form multiple bonds.
How many types of bonds can the listed form:
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.
Alkanes can only form single bonds.
Alkenes can form either/both single or double bonds.
Alkynes can form either/both single, double and triple bonds.
What is the homologous series?
It is a family of compounds with the below properties:
1) They have the same functional group.
2) They have similar chemical properties.
3) Each successive member of the series differs by -CH2.
What is a functional group?
Part of the organic compound/molecule that is largely responsible for the chemical properties. - e.g. alcohols -OH, carboxylic acid -COOH.
What are alipahtic hydrocarbons?
Compounds where the carbon atoms are joined together by a straight/branched chains.
What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?
When the carbon atoms are joined in a ring structure.
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
These are compounds that contain a benzene ring - C6H6.
What is the naming of organic compounds known as?
Nomenclature.
Give the prefixes for the first stems compounds.
1 - meth_____
2 - eth_______
3 - prop______
4 - but_______
5 - pent______
6 - hex_______
7 - hept______
8 - oct________
9 - non_______
10 - dec______
List the suffixes for various organic compounds.
Alkanes: -ane
Alkenes: -ene
Haloalkanes: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-
Alcohol: -ol
Aldehyde: -al
Ketone: -one
Carboxylic acid: -oic acid
Name the compounds based upon the numebr of carbon atoms for an alkyl group.
1 - Methyl
2 - Ethyl
3 - Propyl
4 - Butyl
5 - Pentyl
6 - Hexyl
7 - Heptyl
8 - Octyl
9 - Nonyl
10 - Decyl
What are the criteria for naming a compound.
The stem name indicates the longest continous chain in the molecule.
A prefix can be added before the stem to indicate a functional group/side chain.
A suffix can be added after the stem to indicate the functional group.
How to name an aliphatic alkane?
- All alkanes have the ending/suffix of -ane.
- Identify the longest continous chain - parent chain.
- Identify any side chains, e.g. alkyl groups and it should be added as a prefix to the name of the parent chain.
- Add numbers before a side chain such as an alkyl group to indicate its position along the parent chain.
How to name an alicylic alkane?
- Identify the longest continous chain of carbon atoms.
- Add the prefix cyclo to the alkane.
How to name an alkene?
- Identify the appropriate suffix to use -> -ene.
- Identify the longest continous chain of carbon atoms.
- Locate the position of the double bond along the carbon chain.
- Combine the suffix, stem and the position of the double bond to name the compound.
