Chapter 2 - Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding Flashcards
How can you find the Atomic number?
of protons in the nucleus
(or periodic table’s BIG counting number)
How can you find Atomic mass?
sum of masses of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is atomic weight? What is atomic mass?
Atomic weight → average mass of an element icluding the percentages of their isotopes.
atomic mass → mass of just the primary isotope.
Electrons exibit properties of what two things?
particles, and waves.
in particular, momentum and interference
Electrons occupy ___ in atoms
energy states.
If both a higher and a lower energy state are unoccupied by electrons, which of the two states would a new electron go to?
The lowest state.
What is the general equation for energy states?
nlx
where:
n = principal electron shell of the atom
l = describes the shape of orbital
x = number of electrons in shell
What are the different azimuthal quantum numbers (l)? (put them into order)
s,p,d, and f
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how many possibilities are there for a s-orbital?
1
How many posibilties are there for a p orbital?
3
How many possibilities are there for the d orbital?
5
How many possibilites are there for the f orbital?
7
How many electrons can the s orbital hold?
2
How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
6
How many electrons can the d orbital hold?
10
How many electrons can the f orbital hold?
14
which azimuthal quantum numbers (l) will be in each principal quantum number (n) up to 4?
- s
- s,p
- s,p,d
- s,p,d,f
5,6,7…n → would be all be the same as 4
what are Valence electrons?
electrons in unflilled primary shells
Filled electron shells are more stable or unstable?
Do they require more or less energy to gain/lose electrons
are more stable and require more energy to lose electrons.
Using Aufbau’s princible state which sub shells would fill first up to 5 d
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d
Which side & corner has the lowest electronegativities?
Is the top, or bottom of that side the lowest?
left side, bottom corner.
Which side & corner has the highest electronegativities?
Is the top, or bottom of that side the highest?
Right side, top corner.
List the three types of primary bonding from highest to lowest bonding energies.
- Ionic
- Covalent
- Metallic
covalent can be split into smaller sub-sections
List the two types of secondary bonding from highest to lowest bonding energies.
- Hydrogen
- Van der Waals
van der waals can be split into smaller sub-sections