Chapter 2: Assessment Process Flashcards
Which assessment allow information to be obtained from many people within a short amount of time at relatively little cost: group or individual?
Group Assessment
Which assessments permit counselors to adapt the test administration to the needs of the client; can only be used with certain populations (children or people with disabilities): group or individual?
Individual Assessment
Which assessments can include the following assessment procedures: intelligence tests, ability tests, personality inventories, interest inventories, and values inventories?
Standardized Tests
Which tests include uniform procedures for administration, objective scoring, and the use of representative norm groups for interpretation?
Standardized Tests
Most standardized tests have clear evidence of:
a. reliability
b. validity
c. both
c. Both reliability and validity
What assessment includes rating scales, projective techniques, behavioral observations and biographical measures?
Nonstandardized assessments
Nonstandardized techniques provide results that are more or less dependable when compared with standardized techniques?
Less dependable
Which assessment involves informal and flexible procedures often used in individual and group counseling: Qualitative or Quantitative?
Qualitative Assessment
Which tests (speed or power) are homogenous in content and often consist of a large number of easy items that a person must complete quickly?
Speed
Which tests (speed or power) contain items of varying difficulty, most of which the person is expected to complete within the time limits?
Power
Most intelligence tests, scholastic aptitude tests, and achievement tests are power or speed tests?
Power
Which scale provides subjective estimates of various behaviors or characteristics based on the rater’s observations and are also a common method of assessment?
Rating scales
T/F: Rating scales have a number of disadvantages?
True
Common errors with rating scales include:
a. the halo effect
b. error of central
c. leniency error
d. drift
e. decay
Which rating scale error has a tendency to generalize from one aspect of the client to all other aspects?
The halo effect
Which rating scale error describes the tendency to rate all people as “average” or near the middle scale?
Error of central tendency or range of restriction error
Which rating scale error refers to the tendency to rate the characteristics of people more favorably than they should be rated?
Leniency Error
Which rating scale error refers to systematic changes in how a variable is interpreted or defined over time?
Drift
Which rating scale error refers to decreased reliability in how well an event is observed?
Decay
Who offers the following as suggestions to improve the validity of ratings?
(a) use raters who are thoroughly familiar with the person being rated
(b) require multiple behavioral observations
(c) obtain ratings from more than one observer
(d) use dimensions that are publicly observable
(e) identify behaviors for observation that are relevant to the dimension in question
Kenrick and Funder
Which rating technique requires raters to rate concepts (e.g., “my job”) by means of a series of bipolar scales: semantic differential or situational tests?
Semantic differential
What scale allows raters or clients to assign numbers to items by priority level or relevance?
Rank-order scales
Which rating technique requires the person to perform a task in a situation that is similar to the situation for which the person is being evaluated: semantic differential or situational tests?
Situational Tests
T/F: Situational tests are often beneficial in predicting performance in a situation similar to that of the test.
True
Which assessment uses vague or ambiguous stimuli to which people must respond?
Projective Assessment
Which common techniques include the Rorschach Inkblot Test, TAT, and Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank?
Projective techniques
What are the types of assessment methods?
Interviews (semi/un/structured) Biographical Measures (Biodata) Physiological Measures (heart rate, breathing rate, muscle contractions, blood pressure)
What are the four major assessment phases?
Test Selection
Administration
Interpretation
Communication of Findings
What is the first step in the assessment process?
Assess the client’s stage of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action or maintenance
What are four useful tools when monitoring client progress?
- Client satisfaction forms
- Client self-report scales
- Client self-monitoring
- Rating scales
