Chapter 2- Assessment and Testing of Infant and Child Development

Question 1

What are the purposes for developmental testing?

Answer 1

• early identification of delays
• help determine diagnosis
• facilitate treatment planning
• re-testing provides concrete data about progress

Question 2

What are the basic methods of assessment?

Answer 2

• parent/child interview
• history review of medical records
• clinical observation (in child’s natural environment)
• standardized tests

Question 3

Age Equivalent

Answer 3

chronological age represented by a certain test score

Question 4

Criterion Referenced

Answer 4

based on number of items correct

Question 5

Norm-Referenced

Answer 5

compare one child with the norm of a group of other children

Question 6

Percentile

Answer 6

Child did better than ___% of children in norm group

Question 7

Raw Score

Answer 7

total number of items passed or correct

Question 8

Reliability

Answer 8

consistency between measurements

Question 9

Standard Error of Measurement

Answer 9

indicates precision

Question 10

Standard Scores

Answer 10

deviations from the mean

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

test measures what it’s supposed to measure

Question 12

Sensitivity

Answer 12

highly sensitive has few false negatives

Question 13

Specificity

Answer 13

highly specific has few false positive

Question 14

What 4 questions should be asked when determining an appropriate test?

Answer 14

1) What is the purpose of this test?
2) Who is the child?
3) What concerns are to be addressed?
4) What are the examiner constraints?

Question 15

What are screenings used for?

Answer 15

To identify typical and atypical development and need for further assessment

Question 16

What are the 3 screenings we use to assess infants?

Answer 16

1) Denver II
2) Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT)
3) Bayley Infant Neurodevelopment Screener (BINS)

Question 17

What is the HINT intended for?

Answer 17

Early screening for potential developmental delays in low and high risk infants

Question 18

Who is the target audience for HINT?

Answer 18

2.5 months to 12.5 months

Question 19

Who can administer the HINT?

Answer 19

Wide range of healthcare providers

Question 20

What does the HINT consist of?

Answer 20

Motor development, head circumference, cognitive and behavioral state, parent/caregiver concerns

Question 21

When is the BINS appropriate?

Answer 21

Identifying high risk infants for developmental delays

Question 22

What are the four areas that the BINS measures?

Answer 22

1) Basic neurological function/intactness (posture, muscle tone, movement symmetry)
2) Expressive function (gross, fine and oral motor/verbal)
3) Receptive functions (visual, auditory, verbal)
4) Cognitive processes (object permanence, goal-directedness, problem solving)

Question 23

Who is the BINS appropriate for?

Answer 23

Children 3 to 24 months

Question 24

What is the scoring for the BINS?

Answer 24

6 items sets containing 11-13 items, each item given score:
1= optimal
0= nonoptimal
Total scores, for each item set child is put into low risk, mod risk or high risk. Those with mod risk are monitored, high risk are enrolled in intervention.

Question 25

What are the tests of motor function?

Answer 25

• Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP)
• Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
• Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
• Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
• Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)

Question 26

Who can be tested on the TIMP? Where is it often used?

Answer 26

34 weeks to 4 months corrected age. Used in NICU follow-up clinics and early intervention programs