Chapter 2 Assessment

Question 1

What is syncope

Answer 1

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness caused by a lack of blood to the brain
(Fainting)

Question 2

Intermittent claudication

Answer 2

Cramping limb pain that’s brought on by exercised and relieved by one or two minutes of rest, most commonly occurs in the legs, pain may be acute or chronic, when pain is acute and not relieved by rest it may signal acute arterial occlusion

Question 3

Where do you find the apical impulse

Answer 3

You should find the apical pulse in the fifth intercostal space, medial to the left mid clavicular line.

Question 4

Because it corresponds to the apex of the heart the what helps indicate how well the left ventricle is working

Answer 4

Apical pulse

Question 5

How do you remember the order in which you should perform assessment of the cardiovascular system

Answer 5

I’ll properly perform assessment

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Question 6

Which areas should you auscultate the heart

Answer 6

Aortic, Pulmonic, erbs point, tricuspid, mitral

Question 7

When is the diaphragm of the stethoscope used, when is the bell of the stethoscope used

Answer 7

Bell is used for low pitch sounds, diaphragm is used to hear high-pitched sounds

Question 8

What are normal heart sounds and what are adventitious sounds

Answer 8

S1 and s2 are normal

S3 and s4 plus murmurs are adventitious sounds

Question 9

Where is S2 best heard

Answer 9

Aortic area at the base of the heart specifically at the end of ventricular systole

Question 10

Describe lub and dub

Answer 10

Lub is when the tricuspid and mitral valve shut (first heart sound, S1)
Dub is when the pulmonary and aortic valve shut (second heart sound, S2)

Question 11

Describe S1 and S2

Answer 11

S1 is considered lub, it is where the tricuspid and mitral valve shut close.
S2 is dub, and is where the pulmonic and aortic valve shut

Question 12

Where is S1 best heard

Answer 12

At the Apex of the heart

Question 13

S3 is a classic sign of

Answer 13

Heart failure

Question 14

S3 is commonly heard in what and what

Answer 14

Commonly heard in children and in patients with high cardiac output

Question 15

S3 is also called what

Answer 15

Ventricular Gallop

Question 16

Where is S. three best heard

Answer 16

At the apex of the heart

Question 17

Which sound is the S3 often compared to

Answer 17

The Y in Kentucky

Question 18

S3 is what kind of pitch and occurs when the

Answer 18

Yesthree is low pitched and occurs when the Ventricles fill rapidly

Question 19

S4 is also called

Answer 19

Atrial gallop

Question 20

When does S four commonly occur

Answer 20

Occurs just before S one after atrial contraction

Question 21

What does the S4 sound indicate

Answer 21

Indicates increased resistance to ventricular filling

Question 22

VS for sound indicates increased resistance to ventricular filling. It results from

Answer 22

Vibrations caused by forceful atrial ejection of blood into ventricles that don’t move or expand as much as they should

Question 23

What is a murmur

Answer 23

Turbulent blood flow caused by a structural defect in the heart

Question 24

Which side should the patient lean on to hear their heart sounds better

Answer 24

Left side

Question 25

Assess the upper abdomen for abnormal pulsations, which could indicate the presence of an

Answer 25

Abdominal aortic aneurism

Question 26

Symptoms of arterial insufficiency

Answer 26

Hair loss, pale shiny skin, redness, ulcers, thick rigid nails

Question 27

Chronic venous insufficiency symptoms

Answer 27

Pitting Adema, brown pigment, ulcer around ankle, foot may be cyanotic

Question 28

Describe crescendo, decrescendo, crescendo decrescendo

Answer 28

Crescendo describes a murmur that increases in intensity; a decrescendo murmur decreases in intensity; the crescendo decrescendo Is a progressive increase in intensity and is followed by progressive decrease in intensity

Question 29

Aortic stenosis

Answer 29

Condition in which the aortic valve has calcified and restricts bloodflow, causes a mid systolic, low pitched, harsh murmur that radiates from the valve to the carotid artery

Question 30

Pulmonic stenosis

Answer 30

A condition in which the Paul Monic valve has calcified and interferes with the flow of blood out of the right ventricle. The murmur is medium pitched systolic and harsh and shifts from crescendo to decrescendo and back. The murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow across the stiffened narrowed valve

Question 31

Pulses are graded on the following scale

Answer 31

4+ is bounding 
3+ is increased 
2+ is normal 
1+ is weak
0 is absent