Chapter 2: Arthrology

Question 1

What are the two types of joints and articulations?

Answer 1

Functional or structural

Question 2

What are the three subdivisions based on the mobility of joints?

Answer 2

synarthroses = immovable (sin, without)
amphiarthroses = slightly movable
diarthroses = freely moveable

Question 3

What are the three distinct groups based on connective tissues?

Answer 3

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial. There are 11 specific types of joints that fall within the above broad categories

Question 4

Characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 4

do not have a joint cavity

united by various fibrous and connective tissues and ligaments

strongest joints in the body

Three types:
Syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis

Question 5

What are syndesmosis fibrous joints

Answer 5

immovable or very slightly moveable

united by fibrous sheets

example: inferior tibiofibular joint

Question 6

What are suture fibrous joints

Answer 6

immovable joint thats only found in the skull

Question 7

What are gomphosis fibrous joints?

Answer 7

immovable joint only in the roots of teeth

Question 8

What are the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 8

do not have a joint cavity

virtually immovable

united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Question 9

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 9

symphysis and synchondrosis

Question 10

What are symphysis cartilaginous joints?

Answer 10

slightly moveable joint. Separated by a pad of fibrocartilage

designed for strength and shock absorbency

Example: Pubic symphysis

Question 11

What are synchondrosis cartilaginous joints?

Answer 11

immovable joints that are united by rigid cartilage

example: epiphyseal plate found between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing long bone

Question 12

What are some of the characteristics of a synovial joint?

Answer 12

permit a wide range of motion and are freely movable

they are very complex and are enclosed by articular capsule. Many of them have accessory soft joint tissues

examples are meniscus which act as a shock absorber and bursae which reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, and muscles and bones

Question 13

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 13

Gliding
hinge
pivot
ellipsoid
saddle
ball and socket

Question 14

Whats an example of a gliding synovial joint?

Answer 14

intercarpal joints of the wrist

Question 15

Whats an example of a hinge synovial joint?

Answer 15

elbow joint

Question 16

Whats an example of a pivot synovial joint?

Answer 16

atlas and axis of cervical spine

Question 17

Whats an example of an ellipsoid synovial joint?

Answer 17

radiocarpal joint of wrist

Question 18

Whats an example of a saddle synovial joint?

Answer 18

carpometacarpal joint