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Biology-Mrs.Bullard > Chapter 2 And Chapter 7- Chemistry Of Life and Cell Structure And Funxton > Flashcards

Chapter 2 And Chapter 7- Chemistry Of Life and Cell Structure And Funxton Flashcards

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1
Q

Define an atom

A

The basic unit of matter

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2
Q

What are the charges of the particles listed in number two above?

A

Electrons (-), protons (+), and neutrons (0)

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3
Q

How are the sizes of electrons, protons and neutrons related?

A

Electrons are the smallest, while protons and neutrons are about the same size.

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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5
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in numbers of neutrons they contain

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6
Q

Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds

A

Ionic is between a metal and a nonmetal while covalent is between two nonmetals

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7
Q

How many electrons are held in the first energy shell of an electron? The second energy shell? Third energy shell?

A

2 in the first energy shell, 8 in the second energy shell, and 18 in the third energy shell.

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8
Q

What color would blue litmus turn in an acid? Base?

A

Blue litmus will turn red in an acid and blue in a base

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9
Q

What color of a red litmus turn in an acid? Base?

A

Red litmus will turn red in acid and blue in a base

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10
Q

Which is more acidic? A pH of four or a pH of two?

A

A pH of two

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11
Q

How much more acidic is a pH of two then a pH of four?

A

100 times

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12
Q

Describe the difference between a solute and a solvent 

A

A solute is what it is Dissolving in and the solvent is what is dissolving

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13
Q

List the four major categories of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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14
Q

What has to be present in order for a substance to be considered organic?

A

Carbon

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15
Q

Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide in the carbohydrate group

A

Monosaccharide Calling sugars, glucose/sucrose
polysaccharide: starches– Cellulose
Disaccharide: glucose or sucrose


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16
Q

What is a protein in the body that acts as a catalyst?

A

Enzymes

17
Q

What is the function of a cytoskeleton?

A

The network of the protein 

18
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Makes protein and important molecules

19
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Assembles ribosomes

20
Q

What is the function of the Lysosome?

A

Breaks down proteins, lipids, and can be carbohydrates (digestive cell)

21
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Converts chemical energy stored in food compounds that are made for cells

22
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Provides protein found in cytoplasm

23
Q

What is the function of the ER?

A

Lipid components of the cell membranes are assembled here

24
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modify, sorts, and packages proteins

25
Q

What is the function of a vessel?

A

Transports molecules

26
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

Captures sunlight and converts it into energy

27
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

Regulates what goes in and out

28
Q

The function of a centriole?

A

Helps divide and organize cell

29
Q

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

A

The medium for chemical reactions

30
Q

 List the parts of the cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
  3. Cells come from other living cells
31
Q

What substance is the cell membrane made of?

A

Proteins and lipids

32
Q

Define osmosis

A

The tendency of water to move across the membrane

33
Q

Define diffusion

A

The process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

34
Q

Give examples of active and passive

A

Passive transport is diffusion, and osmosis active transport is endocytosis and exocytosis

35
Q

What were a red blood cell do if placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

It will shrink

36
Q

What will a red blood cell do if placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

It will swell

Biology-Mrs.Bullard (5 decks)

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