Chapter 2 And Chapter 7- Chemistry Of Life and Cell Structure And Funxton Flashcards
Define an atom
The basic unit of matter
What are the charges of the particles listed in number two above?
Electrons (-), protons (+), and neutrons (0)
How are the sizes of electrons, protons and neutrons related?
Electrons are the smallest, while protons and neutrons are about the same size.
What is an element?
A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Define isotope
Atoms of the same element that differ in numbers of neutrons they contain
Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic is between a metal and a nonmetal while covalent is between two nonmetals
How many electrons are held in the first energy shell of an electron? The second energy shell? Third energy shell?
2 in the first energy shell, 8 in the second energy shell, and 18 in the third energy shell.
What color would blue litmus turn in an acid? Base?
Blue litmus will turn red in an acid and blue in a base
What color of a red litmus turn in an acid? Base?
Red litmus will turn red in acid and blue in a base
Which is more acidic? A pH of four or a pH of two?
A pH of two
How much more acidic is a pH of two then a pH of four?
100 times
Describe the difference between a solute and a solvent 
A solute is what it is Dissolving in and the solvent is what is dissolving
List the four major categories of macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What has to be present in order for a substance to be considered organic?
Carbon
Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide in the carbohydrate group
Monosaccharide Calling sugars, glucose/sucrose
polysaccharide: starches– Cellulose
Disaccharide: glucose or sucrose

What is a protein in the body that acts as a catalyst?
Enzymes
What is the function of a cytoskeleton?
The network of the protein 
What is the function of the nucleus?
Makes protein and important molecules
What is the function of the nucleus?
Assembles ribosomes
What is the function of the Lysosome?
Breaks down proteins, lipids, and can be carbohydrates (digestive cell)
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Converts chemical energy stored in food compounds that are made for cells
What is the function of ribosomes?
Provides protein found in cytoplasm
What is the function of the ER?
Lipid components of the cell membranes are assembled here
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modify, sorts, and packages proteins
What is the function of a vessel?
Transports molecules
What is the function of a chloroplast?
Captures sunlight and converts it into energy
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Regulates what goes in and out
The function of a centriole?
Helps divide and organize cell
What is the function of a cytoplasm?
The medium for chemical reactions
 List the parts of the cell theory
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- Cells come from other living cells
What substance is the cell membrane made of?
Proteins and lipids
Define osmosis
The tendency of water to move across the membrane
Define diffusion
The process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Give examples of active and passive
Passive transport is diffusion, and osmosis active transport is endocytosis and exocytosis
What were a red blood cell do if placed in a hypertonic solution?
It will shrink
What will a red blood cell do if placed in a hypotonic solution?
It will swell
