Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Why should estheticians have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology?
Because services have an impact on body systems
Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called _________ in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
Protoplasm
The principal parts of the cell include the protoplasm, ______, ______, and ______.
Organelles, nucleus, and cell membrane
Found in the center of the cell, the ______ plays an important role in cell reproduction.
Nucleus
Within the nucleus of the cell, there is a fluid that contains proteins and DNA called the ______
Nucleoplasm
The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as ______
Mitosis
Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as conditions are favorable, such as suitable temperatures, the ability to eliminate waste products, and an adequate supply of ______, ______, and ______.
Nutrients, oxygen, and water
The complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry on their many activities is called ______
Metabolism
Fat or ______ tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body.
Adipose
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(n) ______
Tissue
The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin; mucous membranes; linings of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs; and glands is ______ tissue.
Epithelial
Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions is known as ______ tissue.
Nerve
______ tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.
Connective
Collections of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions are ______
Organs
Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose, namely the welfare of the entire body, are known as ______
Systems
The integumentary system is made up of the ______ and its various accessory organs.
Skin
The skeletal system is comprised of ______
Bones
How would you describe the circulatory system?
It controls the blood supply
The stomach and intestines are a part of the ______ system.
Digestive
The cranium is made up of how many bones?
8
What bone forms the forehead?
Frontal
The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are called ______
Parietal
The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are called ______
Temporal
The bones of the upper jaw are called ______
Maxillae
The largest and strongest bone of the face is the ______
Mandible
The hindmost bone of the skull is the ______
Occipital
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the ______
Humerus
The three parts of a muscle are the ______, ______, and ______
Origin, insertion, belly
The muscle that enables you to close your eyes is the ______
Orbicularis oculi
One of the muscles of the jaw used in chewing is the ______
Masseter
The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the ______
Frontalis
The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called ______
Platysma
The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to the collarbone and rotates the head from side to side and up and down, is called ______
Sternocleidomastoid
The large, thick triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the ______
Deltoid
The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are ______
Biceps
The muscles that turn the hand outward and the palm upward are ______
Supinators
The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are called ______
Extensors
The muscles located at the base of each digit that separate the fingers are called ______
Abductor
The muscles that involve the bending or flexing of the wrist are ______
Flexors
The muscle that assists in the swinging of the arms is called ______
Pectoralis
Which part of the nervous system controls consciousness and mental activities?”
Central
Estheticians are primarily concerned with three cranial nerves. Which of the following is not one of the three?
Eighth
Which system carries oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?
Pulmonary
The blood is made up of ______, ______, and ______
Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma
Which system protects the body from disease?
Lymphatic
The most complex organ of the endocrine system that affects almost every physiological process of the body is the ______ gland.
Pituitary
What secretes enzyme-producing cells responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
Pancreas
Which of the following are part of the female reproductive system?
Fallopian tubes
Which hormone is dominant in males?
Testosterone
What spongy tissue exchanges air for carbon dioxide?
Lungs
Which part of the breathing cycle absorbs oxygen into the blood?
Inhalation
The act of moving food along the digestive tract is called ______
Peristalsis
Which system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body?
Excretory
How does the skin purify the body?
It eliminates salt
Which organ discharges bile and helps to break down digestive fat?
Liver
What is anatomy?
The study of the structures of the human body
Which of the following is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?
Histology
If you study the functions and activities performed by the body structures, you are studying ______
Physiology
Which body system is comprised of the largest organ of the body?
Integumentary
Which body system forms the physical foundation of the body?
Skeletal
When performing treatments, you need to know about which system that controls the muscle movements of the face?
Nervous
With which system can we pass on our genetics from one generation to the next?
Reproductive
What is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system?
Neurology
Which subdivision of the nervous system controls the five senses?
Central
Which system has both sensory and motor nerves and carries messages to and from the CNS?
Peripheral nervous system
Which system regulates muscles responsible for respiration and your heart beating?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body?
Brain
What are the nerve endings on sensory nerves called?
Receptors
What is true about reflexes?
They are automatic
Which of the following would not be found in the fifth cranial nerve?
Buccal nerve
What is another name for the seventh cranial nerve?
Facial nerve
Where would you find the posterior auricular nerve?
Seventh cranial nerve
Where do the cervical nerves originate?
Spinal cord
Which nerve affects the little-finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand?
Ulnar
Which nerve can trigger a sudden drop in blood pressure?
Vagus
Which blood vessels connect the smaller arteries to venules?
Capillaries
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What do veins do?
Take waste material to the heart for cleaning
Which of the following is NOT true about the blood?
Carries away oxygen and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, and kidneys
Platelets are used to ______.
Destroy disease-causing microorganisms
What is the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck?
Carotid arteries
As an esthetician, understanding facial vessel locations helps you avoid doing what during a treatment?
Bruising
What does the liver do?
Secretes enzymes necessary for digestion
Why do we need a spleen?
It fights infection and detoxifies the blood.
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
Carries fluid, waste, and impurities toward the cells
