Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Why should estheticians have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology?

Answer 1

Because services have an impact on body systems

Question 2

Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called _________ in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

Answer 2

Protoplasm

Question 3

The principal parts of the cell include the protoplasm, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 3

Organelles, nucleus, and cell membrane

Question 4

Found in the center of the cell, the ______ plays an important role in cell reproduction.

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Within the nucleus of the cell, there is a fluid that contains proteins and DNA called the ______

Answer 5

Nucleoplasm

Question 6

The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as ______

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as conditions are favorable, such as suitable temperatures, the ability to eliminate waste products, and an adequate supply of ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 7

Nutrients, oxygen, and water

Question 8

The complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry on their many activities is called ______

Answer 8

Metabolism

Question 9

Fat or ______ tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body.

Answer 9

Adipose

Question 10

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(n) ______

Answer 10

Tissue

Question 11

The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin; mucous membranes; linings of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs; and glands is ______ tissue.

Answer 11

Epithelial

Question 12

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions is known as ______ tissue.

Answer 12

Nerve

Question 13

______ tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.

Answer 13

Connective

Question 14

Collections of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions are ______

Answer 14

Organs

Question 15

Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose, namely the welfare of the entire body, are known as ______

Answer 15

Systems

Question 16

The integumentary system is made up of the ______ and its various accessory organs.

Answer 16

Skin

Question 17

The skeletal system is comprised of ______

Answer 17

Bones

Question 18

How would you describe the circulatory system?

Answer 18

It controls the blood supply

Question 19

The stomach and intestines are a part of the ______ system.

Answer 19

Digestive

Question 20

The cranium is made up of how many bones?

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What bone forms the forehead?

Answer 21

Frontal

Question 22

The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are called ______

Answer 22

Parietal

Question 23

The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are called ______

Answer 23

Temporal

Question 24

The bones of the upper jaw are called ______

Answer 24

Maxillae

Question 25

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the ______

Answer 25

Mandible

Question 26

The hindmost bone of the skull is the ______

Answer 26

Occipital

Question 27

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the ______

Answer 27

Humerus

Question 28

The three parts of a muscle are the ______, ______, and ______

Answer 28

Origin, insertion, belly

Question 29

The muscle that enables you to close your eyes is the ______

Answer 29

Orbicularis oculi

Question 30

One of the muscles of the jaw used in chewing is the ______

Answer 30

Masseter

Question 31

The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the ______

Answer 31

Frontalis

Question 32

The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called ______

Answer 32

Platysma

Question 33

The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to the collarbone and rotates the head from side to side and up and down, is called ______

Answer 33

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 34

The large, thick triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the ______

Answer 34

Deltoid

Question 35

The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are ______

Answer 35

Biceps

Question 36

The muscles that turn the hand outward and the palm upward are ______

Answer 36

Supinators

Question 37

The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are called ______

Answer 37

Extensors

Question 38

The muscles located at the base of each digit that separate the fingers are called ______

Answer 38

Abductor

Question 39

The muscles that involve the bending or flexing of the wrist are ______

Answer 39

Flexors

Question 40

The muscle that assists in the swinging of the arms is called ______

Answer 40

Pectoralis

Question 41

Which part of the nervous system controls consciousness and mental activities?"

Answer 41

Central

Question 42

Estheticians are primarily concerned with three cranial nerves. Which of the following is not one of the three?

Answer 42

Eighth

Question 43

Which system carries oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?

Answer 43

Pulmonary

Question 44

The blood is made up of ______, ______, and ______

Answer 44

Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma

Question 45

Which system protects the body from disease?

Answer 45

Lymphatic

Question 46

The most complex organ of the endocrine system that affects almost every physiological process of the body is the ______ gland.

Answer 46

Pituitary

Question 47

What secretes enzyme-producing cells responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Answer 47

Pancreas

Question 48

Which of the following are part of the female reproductive system?

Answer 48

Fallopian tubes

Question 49

Which hormone is dominant in males?

Answer 49

Testosterone

Question 50

What spongy tissue exchanges air for carbon dioxide?

Answer 50

Lungs

Question 51

Which part of the breathing cycle absorbs oxygen into the blood?

Answer 51

Inhalation

Question 52

The act of moving food along the digestive tract is called ______

Answer 52

Peristalsis

Question 53

Which system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body?

Answer 53

Excretory

Question 54

How does the skin purify the body?

Answer 54

It eliminates salt

Question 55

Which organ discharges bile and helps to break down digestive fat?

Answer 55

Liver

Question 56

What is anatomy?

Answer 56

The study of the structures of the human body

Question 57

Which of the following is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?

Answer 57

Histology

Question 58

If you study the functions and activities performed by the body structures, you are studying ______

Answer 58

Physiology

Question 59

Which body system is comprised of the largest organ of the body?

Answer 59

Integumentary

Question 60

Which body system forms the physical foundation of the body?

Answer 60

Skeletal

Question 61

When performing treatments, you need to know about which system that controls the muscle movements of the face?

Answer 61

Nervous

Question 62

With which system can we pass on our genetics from one generation to the next?

Answer 62

Reproductive

Question 63

What is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system?

Answer 63

Neurology

Question 64

Which subdivision of the nervous system controls the five senses?

Answer 64

Central

Question 65

Which system has both sensory and motor nerves and carries messages to and from the CNS?

Answer 65

Peripheral nervous system

Question 66

Which system regulates muscles responsible for respiration and your heart beating?

Answer 66

Autonomic nervous system

Question 67

What is the largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body?

Answer 67

Brain

Question 68

What are the nerve endings on sensory nerves called?

Answer 68

Receptors

Question 69

What is true about reflexes?

Answer 69

They are automatic

Question 70

Which of the following would not be found in the fifth cranial nerve?

Answer 70

Buccal nerve

Question 71

What is another name for the seventh cranial nerve?

Answer 71

Facial nerve

Question 72

Where would you find the posterior auricular nerve?

Answer 72

Seventh cranial nerve

Question 73

Where do the cervical nerves originate?

Answer 73

Spinal cord

Question 74

Which nerve affects the little-finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand?

Answer 74

Ulnar

Question 75

Which nerve can trigger a sudden drop in blood pressure?

Answer 75

Vagus

Question 76

Which blood vessels connect the smaller arteries to venules?

Answer 76

Capillaries

Question 77

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 77

Aorta

Question 78

What do veins do?

Answer 78

Take waste material to the heart for cleaning

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT true about the blood?

Answer 79

Carries away oxygen and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, and kidneys

Question 80

Platelets are used to ______.

Answer 80

Destroy disease-causing microorganisms

Question 81

What is the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck?

Answer 81

Carotid arteries

Question 82

As an esthetician, understanding facial vessel locations helps you avoid doing what during a treatment?

Answer 82

Bruising

Question 83

What does the liver do?

Answer 83

Secretes enzymes necessary for digestion

Question 84

Why do we need a spleen?

Answer 84

It fights infection and detoxifies the blood.

Question 85

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 85

Carries fluid, waste, and impurities toward the cells