Chapter 2- Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Question 0

Caudal/Posterior

Answer 0

A directional term meaning toward the tail of a four-legged animal

Question 1

Rostral/Anterior

Answer 1

A Directional term meaning toward the head of a four-legged animal

Question 2

Inferior/Ventral

Answer 2

A directional term meaning toward the belly of a four-legged animal

Question 3

Superior/Dorsal

Answer 3

A directional term meaning toward the back of a four legged animal

Question 4

Neuraxis

Answer 4

An imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord to the front of the brain

Question 5

Midline

Answer 5

An imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves

Question 6

Ipilateral

Answer 6

A directional term referring to the structures on the same side of the midline

Question 7

Contralateral

Answer 7

A directional term referring to the structures on opposite sides of the midline

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

A directional term meaning toward the midline

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

A directional term meaning away from the midline

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

A directional term that means closer to center; usually applied to limbs; opposite of distal

Question 11

Distal

Answer 11

A directional term meaning farther away from another structure, usually in refrence to limbs

Question 12

Coronal Section

Answer 12

An anatomical section dividing the brain front to back, parallel to the face. Also known as a frontal section

Question 13

Sagittal Section

Answer 13

An anatomical section that is parallel to the midline

Question 14

Mid-sagittal Section

Answer 14

A sagittal section that divides the brain into two approximately equal halves

Question 15

Horizontal/Axial section

Answer 15

An anatomical section that divides the brain from top to bottom

Question 16

Meninges

Answer 16

The layers of membranes that cover the central nervous system and the peripheral nerves

Question 17

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 17

The special plasma like fluid circulating within the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space

Question 18

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 18

The brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 19

The nerves exiting the brain and spinal cord that serve sensory and motor functions for the rest of the body

Question 20

Gray Matter

Answer 20

An area of neural tissue primarily made up of cell bodies

Question 21

White Matter

Answer 21

An area of neural tissue primarily made up of myelinated axons

Question 22

Reflexes

Answer 22

An involuntary action or response

Question 23

Ganglia

Answer 23

Groups of nerve cell bodies within brain or spinal cord

Question 24

Nuclei

Answer 24

Group of nerve cells of the central nervous system having a common function, such as supporting the sense of hearing or smell

Question 25

Sulcus/Fissure

Answer 25

Sulcus is a “valley” in the convoluted surface of the cerebral cortex
Fissure is a large sulcus

Question 26

Gyrus

Answer 26

One of the “hills” on the convoluted surface of the cerebral cortex

Question 27

Hemisphere

Answer 27

Either of the lateral halves of the cerebrum; a cerebral hemisphere

Question 28

Lobe

Answer 28

Four distinct lobes in the brain all with a specific function; Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe

Question 29

Association Cortex

Answer 29

Areas of the cortex that link and integrate sensory and motor information

Question 30

Sympathetic chain

Answer 30

The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal

Question 31

Cranial nerves

Answer 31

Twelve Pairs of nerves that exit the brain as part of the peripheral nervous system

Question 32

Spinal Nerves

Answer 32

Consists of Cervical, Thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal and are in charge of sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the remainder of the body