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AP USH > Chapter 2: American Experiments (1521 - 1700) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: American Experiments (1521 - 1700) Flashcards

1
Q

Mestizos

A

European and Indigenous American Ancestry

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2
Q

Mulattos

A

Mixed European and African ancestry

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3
Q

Zambos

A

Mixed Indigenous and African ancestry

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4
Q

Encomienda

A

Spanish Conquistadors received land from the crown

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5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Trade of humans, animals, plants, diseases between Western Hemisphere, Africa, and Europe; Horses improved indian life, potato and maize benefited European cultures

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6
Q

Mercantilism

A

Maximize exports, reduce imports; Benefitted Mother COuntry England with improved trade

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7
Q

Brazil

A

Very rigorous labor used to create sugar; Production was done on site; As Indian population decreased, Africans became more prevalent in slave labor

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8
Q

England’s Tobacco Colony

A

Jamestown, Virginia

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9
Q

Jamestown 1607

A

Joint Stock Company, Settlers sought gold, but lack of gold led to tobacco which exhausted the land, and House of Burgesses

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10
Q

House of Burgesses

A

First representative government in US 1619 in Virginia

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11
Q

Indian War 1622

A

Powhatan despised English attempts to force Indian children into Catholic school; Attack killed 1/3 Jamestown population; Jamestown becomes royal colony in 1624, requiring colonists to pay taxes for Church of England
Anglican Church is established Church

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12
Q

Lord Baltimore - Catholics Maryland

A

Proprietary Colony - granted by King Charles I (Catholic)
Maryland Acts of Toleration 1649 - Granted religious freedom to Christians, befitting Catholics
Maryland Relied on Tobacco similar to V.A.

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13
Q

Caribbean Islands

A

SImilar to Brazil, focused on sugar production

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14
Q

Headright System

A

Gave 50 acres land to whoever paid for immigrants passage

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15
Q

Indentured Servitude

A

In exchange for passage paid for, servants would work for 4-5 years under contract; 1/2 died before being freed

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16
Q

African Laborers

A

Used more in Chesapeake due to Bacon’s Rebellion

Strict laws associated slaves with the color black

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17
Q

New France

A

Expanded into North America (Canada)
Established Quebec as fur trading post
Jesuit priests sought to convert Indians to Catholicism

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18
Q

New Netherlands

A

First Dutch Colony in N.A.

Amsterdam (Manhattan) small, but significant traders of fur

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19
Q

Rise of Iroquois

A

Located in Central/West NY
Traded weapons/goods with French and Dutch
Remained strong force in NY

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20
Q

New England

A

Pilgrims, Puritans, John WInthrop Mass. Bay. and Roger Williams - Rhode Island

21
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists wanting to break away from Church of England

Established representative-self government

22
Q

Puritans

A

Wanted to purify Church of England - not separate from it

23
Q

John Winthrop Mass. Bay

A

Sought to Est. City Upon a Hill
Church Members had tremendous power - only ones that could vote
No religious tolerance - believed in predestination

24
Q

Roger Williams and Rhode Island

A

Advocated for separation church + state, religious tolerance, ally with Indians
No established Church in R.I.
Winthrop banished Roger Williams to R.I. from Mass. Bay

25
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Seen as major threat to Puritanism
Challenged typical gender roles
Banished from Mass Bay Colony

26
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Seen as major threat to Puritanism
Challenged typical gender roles
Banished from Mass Bay Colony

27
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

Accusers (poorer) accused wealthier of witchcraft

After, many colonies embraced ideas of englightenment

28
Q

New England War

A

Pequot - Puritan War, and Metacom’s War 1675-76

29
Q

Puritan - Pequot War

A

Pequots were allied with Dutch, had conflicts with English
Pequots massacred 500 English, followed by harsh retaliation by New England
Some settlers saw diseases like smallpox doing “God’s work”

30
Q

Metacom’s War 1675-76

A

Metacom (King Philip I) was King of Wampanoag

Metacom eventually killed; Natives were rarely threat to New England afterwards

31
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Gov. Berkeley did not allow settlement past certain line of land
In west, many farmers were underrepresented in Burgesses
Conflict between Native and Westerners like Bacon
Bacon died suddenly

32
Q

Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion

A 
Movement towards slave labor
Showed social class difference in East (rich) and West (poor)
33
Q

Phillip II

A

Ardent Catholic

Married Queen Elizabeth I of England

34
Q

Dutch

A

Calvinist

Revolted against Spanish rule to declare their own independence against Catholicism

35
Q

King Henry VIII

A

Initially opposed Protestantism
When Pope refused to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon, Henry broke with Rome and placed himself of head of Church of England
Church mostly stayed Catholic, but Protestant teachings continued to spread

36
Q

Queen Elizabeth I

A

Henry’s daughter and successor
Approved Protestant confession of faith, also retained Catholic ritual of communion and left Church in hands of Anglican bishops and archbishops
Elizabeth imposed English Rule over Catholic Ireland

37
Q

Philip of Spain

A

The match Elizabeth’s power, Philip sent Spanish Armada

38
Q

Spanish Armada

A

many ships against England 1588
Philip intended to restore Romanch Church in England and wipe out Calvinism in Holland
A fierce storm and English ships destroyed the Spanish fleet
Philip spent Spain’s riches of gold on wars
This marked downfall of Spain and rise of England

39
Q

Brazil

A

SUGAR PLANTATIONS

Only Portuguese Colony in Americas due to Tordesillas Treaty

40
Q

James Rolf

A

Cultivated tobacco in Jamestown, Virginia

Married Pocahantas

41
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

Ventures and Saves St. Lawrence River for France

42
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

Founds Quebec for France

43
Q

Jacques Marquette

A

Reaches Miss. River in Wisconsin

44
Q

Robert de la Salle

A

Traveled down Gulf of Mexic0 - Named it Louisiana after King Louis

45
Q

Henry Hudson

A

English, but sailed for Dutch
Hudson River and Hudson Bay
Founded New Netherlands

46
Q

Governor Peter Stuyvesant

A

Not well liked ruler for New Netherlands

47
Q

Beaver Wars

A

Iroquois COnfederation fought French Allies, Hurons, and Algonquians

48
Q

William Bradford

A

Led Puritans

49
Q

Yeoman Society

A

Puritans that rejected Feudal System

Did not pay high taxes

AP USH (2 decks)

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